تأثیر دور آبیاری و مقادیر کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و کارایی و مصرف آب ذرت دانه ای در استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس

2 دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد لاهیجان؛

3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جامع شوشتر

چکیده

         به منظور ارزیابی کارآیی مصرف آب و عملکرد ذرت دانه ای سینگل کراس 704 تحت شرایط تیمارهای آبیاری و مقادیر کود نیتروژن در استان گیلان در سال 1389 آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در لاهیجان انجام گرفت. تیمارها شامل سه سطح آبیاری (دیم، دور آبیاری 6 روز و دور آبیاری 12 روز) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و کود نیتروژن در پنج سطح شامل صفر (بدون مصرف کود نیتروژن)، 60، 120، 180 و 240 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و کارآیی مصرف آب تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آبیاری، کود نیتروژن و اثر متقابل این دو عامل در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی دار شدند. بیشترین کارآیی مصرف آب عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک به ترتیب به اثر متقابل کاربرد کودهای 240 و 180 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در شرایط بدون آبیاری با مقادیر 2/92 و 6/82 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بود. آبیاری به همراه افزایش کاربرد کود نیتروژن منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک گردید اما بین تیمارهای آبیاری 6 و 12 روز و تیمارهای کودهای 180 و 240 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در صفات ذکر شده تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده نشد. کمترین میزان عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک مربوط به اثر متقابل عدم استفاده از کود نیتروژن و آبیاری حاصل گردید. با افزایش مقدار آبیاری محتوای نسبی آب برگ افزایش و هدایت روزنه ای کاهش یافت و در تیمارهای بدون آبیاری و آبیاری بعد از 12 روز هدایت روزنه ای مقادیر پایین تری را نسبت به تیمار آبیاری بعد از 6 روز برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Rates on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Corn in Guilan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Gholami 1
  • Ebrahim Amiri 2
  • Ali Abedzad gohari 3
1 Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Rates on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Corn in Guilan Province
2 Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran;
3 Department of Irrigation, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran;
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of irrigation interval and nitrogen rates on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize (Zea mays L) using KSC704 maize hybrid, an experiment was conducted in agricultural research farm of Lahidjan, Guilan, north of Iran, using split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2010. The main plots were three irrigation regimes including rainfed and irrigation intervals of 6 and 12 days. The sub-plots were five nitrogen rates consisting of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N/ha. The results indicated that the effects of irrigation, nitrogen, and their interaction on grain yield, biomass, biomass WUE, and seed yield WUE were significant at α=1%. The highest biomass WUE and grain yield WUE were 6.82 and 2.92 kg/m3, obtained from application of, respectively, 180 and 240 kg N/ha-1 under rainfed conditions. Higher rates of nitrogen and application of irrigation led to increase in seed yield and biomass, but, differences between irrigation intervals of 6 and 12 days and N180 and N240 fertilizers treatments were not significant. The lowest grain yield and biomass were observed in rainfed condition with no N application. Stomata conductivities were significantly higher in the 6-day irrigation interval. The lowest relative water content belonged to rainfed treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • KSC704 maize hybrid
  • Irrigation interval
  • Nitrogen and water interaction

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 26، شماره 4
بهمن 1391
صفحه 469-482

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