تأثیر توأم دور آبیاری و ترکیب عناصر پرمصرف بر تغییرات اسانس و ترکیبات شیمیایی زنجبیل (Zingiber officinale R.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدگان ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

2 گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت- ایران

3 استاد گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت- ایران

4 استادیار گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات- پردیس ابوریحان- دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تغییرات اسانس و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس زنجبیل تحت تاثیر دورهای آبیاری و ترکیب عناصر پرمصرف NPK ، آزمایشی در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به صورت اسپلیت پلات با نه تیمار و در سه تکرار در منطقه پاکدشت در سال 1400 اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل دور آبیاری در سه سطح: 4=V1، 6=V2، 8=V3 روز به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و عناصر پرمصرف NPK در سه ترکیب، (200، 100، 300)=F1، (250، 150، 350)= F2، (150، 50، 250)= F3کیلوگرم در هکتار به­عنوان عامل فرعی بود. استخراج اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر به روش تقطیر با آب بود و تجزیه ترکیبات اسانس توسط دستگاه کروماتوگراف گازی انجام گرفت و 34 ترکیب شیمیایی شناسایی شد، اجزای اصلی اسانس برحسب درصد شامل (آلفا زینجیبرن=23/65)، (جرانیال=11/09)، (کامفن=9/58)، (بتا سسکویفلاندرن=8/43)، (بتا بیسابولن=3/75) و (آلفا کورکومن=2/6) بودند، که این شش ترکیب در مجموع 59/1%  کل اسانس زنجبیل را شامل شدند و 28 ترکیب دیگر فقط 40/9% کل اسانس را تشکیل ‌دادند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل آبیاری و کودهای مورد مطالعه بر اسانس و ترکیبات اصلی اسانس زنجبیل در سطح 1% معنی‌دار بودند. بهترین تیمارها برای صفات اسانس و کامفن V1F3، جرانیال V3F2 ، آلفا زینجیبرن V1F2 و برای سه صفت آلفا کورکومن، بتا بیسابولن و بتا سسکویفلاندرن V3F3 بودند. با آبیاری بهینه و تامین عناصر غذایی پرمصرف برای گیاه، برخی از ترکیبات موجود در اسانس زنجبیل افزایش یافت ولی برای برخی دیگر از ترکیبات، این افزایش در تنش آبی و کمبود عناصر  NPK به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Combined Effects of Irrigation Interval and Composition of Macronutrients on Changes in Essential Oil and Chemical Compounds of Ginger (Zingiber officinale R.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholam Reza Pourshaban Kateshali 1
  • Gholam-Ali Akbari 2
  • Iraj Alahdadi 3
  • elias Soltani 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Corresponding author, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the changes in essential oil and chemical compounds of ginger plant under the influence of irrigation interval and NPK macronutrients, an experiment was carried out using randomized complete blocks in the form of a split plot with 9 treatments and 3 replications in Pakdasht Region, in 2021. Treatments included irrigation internals at three levels: V1=4, V2=6, and V3=8 days, as the main factor, and NPK at three levels, F1= (N: 300, P: 100, K: 200), F2= (350, 150, 250), F3 :( 250, 50, 150) (kg.ha-1) as the sub-factor. Extraction of essential oil in this research was done by distillation with water using a Cloninger machine, and the analysis of essential oil compounds was done by gas chromatograph, and 34 chemical compounds were identified. The main components of essential oil in terms of percentage included (α-zingiberene=23.65), (geranial=11.09), (camphene=9.58), (β-sesquiphellandrene =8.43), (β-bisabolene=3.75) and (α-curcumene=2.6). These 6 compounds included 59.1% of the total ginger essential oil, and the other 28 compounds made up only 40.9% of the total essential oil. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of irrigation and studied fertilizers on essential oil and main compounds of ginger essential oil were significant at the 1% probability level. The best treatments for essential oil and camphene traits were V1F3, geranial V3F2, α-zingiberene V1F2, and for three traits of α-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene was V3F3. Some of the compounds in ginger essential oil were increased by optimal irrigation and supply of essential nutrients for the plant, but some compounds increased under water stress and insufficiency of NPK.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Zingiberene
  • Rhizome
  • Antioxidants
  • Medicinal plants
  • Aromatic plants

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 37، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 73-83

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