اثر مقادیر مختلف مواد غذایی و آب بر بهره‌وری آب در گل سوسن در گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

3 گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر مطالعه اثر کودآبیاری با سطوح مختلف مواد غذایی و رژیم­های آبیاری بر بهره­وری آب (نسبت عملکرد به حجم آب مصرفی حاوی مواد غذایی) در کشت سوسن گلخانه­ای است. آزمایش طی دو سال در دانشگاه گیلان انجام شد. در سال اول از بین چهار غلظت مختلف مواد غذایی بر حسب محلول کوئیک شامل S1، S2، S3و S4، غلطت مناسب مواد غذایی تعیین شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها نشان داد تیمار S1، (تیمار دارای بیشترین غلظت عناصر غذایی) بر بیشتر خصوصیات رویشی، زایشی و پس از برداشت گیاه سوسن اثر مثبتی داشت.در سال دوم با داشتن غلظت مناسب مواد غذایی و تهیه سه سطح مختلف از آن شامل  S11، S12و S13، رژیم­های مختلف آبیاری بر حسب ظرفیت زراعی مدنظر قرار گرفت. چهار رژیم مختلف آبیاری به­منظور تامین رطوبت خاک تا رسیدن به 70، 80، 90 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی به­کار رفت. نتایج آزمایش دوم نیز نشان داد که استفاده از تیمارهای کم آبیاری 90، 80 و 70 درصد باعث افزایش بهره‌وری آب شد و این بهره‌وری بیشتر آب بر صفات رویشی و زایشی گیاه تأثیر سوء نداشت. بر اساس نتایج، اعمال تیمارهای کم­آبیاری بر ویژگی­هایی نظیر ماندگاری گل بریده معنی‌دار شد و با کاهش مصرف آب و افزایش غلظت محلول غذایی ماندگاری بیشتر شد. در مورد خصوصیات رویشی گیاه سوسن نیز داده‌ها نشان داد که صفاتی مانند وزن‌تر و خشک ریشه، برگ و گل به­طور مثبت با کاهش سطح آبیاری و افزایش محلول غذایی، تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت در حالی­که صفات ارتفاع گیاه و تعداد و وزن پیازچه دختری تحت تأثیر این تیمارها نبود. بیشترین مقدار بهره­وری آب حاوی مواد غذایی در تیمار سوم مواد غذایی و آبیاری در سطح 80 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و به میزان 57/21 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Amounts of Nutrients and Water on Water Productivity of Lily Flower in Greenhouse

نویسندگان [English]

  • Moazzam Hassanpour Asil 1
  • Jamalali Olfati 2
  • Mohammadreza Khaledian 3
  • Zahra-Sadat Nabavi Mohajer 2
1 1. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan
2 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan
چکیده [English]

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of fertigation with different levels of nutrient solutions and different irrigation regimes on water productivity (ratio of yield to water containing nutrients) in greenhouse lily cultivation. The experiment was conducted in two years at the University of Guilan. In the first year, the best treatment was determined among four different concentrations of nutrient solution according to Coic solution including S1, S2, S3, and S4. The results of mean comparison showed that S1 treatment (treatment with the highest concentration of nutrients) had a positive effect on most vegetative, reproductive, and postharvest characteristics of lily. In the second year, with appropriate nutrient solution and three different levels including S11, S12, and S13, different irrigation regimes according to field capacity percent (%FC) were considered. Four different irrigation regimes including 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% FC were applied. The results of the second experiment showed that application of deficit irrigation treatments including 90%, 80%, and 70% of FC increased water productivity without any significant effects on the vegetative and reproductive characteristics. The results also showed that irrigation treatments had significant effects on traits such as vase life, which was increased by decreasing water consumption and increasing nutrient concentration. Regarding the vegetative characteristics of lily plants, the data showed that traits such as fresh and dry weights of roots, leaves, and flowers were positively affected by decreasing irrigation levels and increasing concentration of nutrient solution, while plant height and both number and weight of daughter bulbs were not affected by these treatments. The highest water productivity (nutrients solutions) was obtained in the S3 and 80% FC, being 21.57 kg/m3.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nutrient solutions
  • Deficit irrigation
  • Fertigation
  • Vase life

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 34، شماره 4
جلد 34 شماره 4 سال 1399
بهمن 1399
صفحه 575-590

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