نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه تبریز دانشکده کشاورزی گروه علوم و مهدسی خاک
2 استاد گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
3 موسسه فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی
4 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
5 عضو هیئت علمی
چکیده
طبیعت چندبُعدی حرکت آب در خاک، جذب آب توسط گیاه و کاربرد آب در مزرعه، باعث افزایش پیچیدگیهای مدلسازی توزیع رطوبت خاک در سامانههای آبیاری قطرهای میشود. با تعیین خصوصیات هیدرولیکی خاک، پارامترهای توزیع ریشه درخت پسته در مزرعه مورد مطالعه، میزان تبخیر و تعرق و جریان آب ورودی، چگونگی توزیع رطوبت خاک در دو سامانه آبیاری قطرهای سطحی (DI)و زیرسطحی(SDI) با استفاده از مدل هایدروس دوبُعدی مدلسازی گردید. همچنین مقادیر رطوبت خاک در روزهای متوالی پس از آبیاری، در فواصل عرضی و عمقی متفاوت نسبت به درخت با استفاده از رطوبت سنج پروفیل پروب اندازهگیری شد. از هدایت روزنهای برگ درختان نیز برای استخراج تابع تنش رطوبتی و ارزیابی مدل استفاده شد. براین اساس، مکش معادل کاهش 50 درصد جذب آب ریشه برابر 4935 سانتیمتر بدست آمد. نتایج مدلسازی در محلهای منطبق با اندازهگیریها با دادههای رطوبت خاک مقایسه شد و با استفاده از آمارههای صحت سنجی، صحت و دقت مدل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مقادیر ME، RMSE، Eو R2برای SDI به ترتیب 006/0، 021/0، 761/0، 794/0 و برای DI 002/0-، 020/0، 700/0 و 741/0 به دست آمد. تعرق محاسبه شده توسط هایدروس همبستگی بالایی را با هدایت روزنهای به ویژه در SDIنشان داد. براساس نتایج هایدروس و اندازهگیری گیاهی مشخص شد که جذب آب توسط ریشه درخت پسته در SDI به طور معنیداری از DIبیشتر است که نشان میدهد استفاده از SDIمیتواند با کاهش تبخیر از سطح خاک، باعث صرفه جویی و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب گردد. برآورد جذب آب ریشه و اندازهگیری هدایت روزنهای درخت پسته در شرایط مزرعه مشخص کرد که رطوبت خاک تا چهارروز بعد از آبیاری قطرهای به خوبی پاسخگوی نیاز گیاهی بوده و با کوتاهتر کردن دور آبیاری میتوان از بیشترین پتانسیل این سامانه آبیاری بهره برد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of HYDROUS-2D Model for Determination of Soil Moisture Distribution under Surface and Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation of Pistachio Trees
نویسندگان [English]
- ali ataee 1
- Mohammadreza Neyshaboori 2
- Mehdi Akbari 3
- Davood Zare haghi 4
- Ajdar Onnabi Milani 5
1 department of soil science, faculty of agriculture, Tabriz university, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
4 Assistant professor of Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
5 Scientific staff member
چکیده [English]
Multidimensional nature of water flow, plant uptake, and high frequency of water application increase the complexity in modeling soil moisture dynamics from trickle irrigation. By determining soil hydraulic properties, parameters of root distribution model for pistachio trees in the field, evapotranspiration and inflow flux, soil moisture distribution was modeled using HYDRUS-2D model for surface (DI) and sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) systems. Also, soil moisture content in the following days after irrigation was measured at different lateral and vertical distances from the tree by using Moisture Meter Profile Probe. Leaf stomatal conductance was used to test the model and parameterize water-stress response function. The h50 for pistachio tree, which represents the pressure head at which the water extraction rate is reduced by 50%, was calculated 4935 cm. HYDRUS outputs were compared with measured data in corresponding locations, and values ofME, RMSE, E and R2 statistics were obtained -0.002, 0.02, 0.7, 0.741 for DI and 0.006, 0.021, 0.761, and 0.794 for SDI respectively. The calculated transpiration by HYDRUS showed high correlation with stomatal conductance, especially in SDI. Based on plant measurements and HYDRUS results, root water uptake in SDI was significantly more than DI. Therefore, using SDI systems, by decreasing evaporation, saves more water and increases irrigation efficiency. The calculated root water uptake and measured stomatal conductance for the pistachio trees revealed that soil moisture perfectly supports plants until four days after irrigation. Thus, by decreasing irrigation interval in the field, maximum potential of drip irrigation systems can be achieved.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Plant response
- Root water uptake
- Stomatal conductance
- Modelling
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