برآورد اجزاء ردپای آب مجازی در تولید جو در مقیاس ملی و استانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)،قزوین، ایران.

2 مؤسسه ملی تحقیقات کشاورزی (INRA-SupAgro)، مون‌پلیه، فرانسه.

چکیده

امنیت غذا، خشکسالی، حفظ محیط زیست و توسعة صنعتی، مدیریت کارآمدتر منابع آبی را ضروری کرده است. مفهوم ردپای آب مجازی از پتانسیل قابل‌توجهی برای کمک به بهبود مدیریت آب، به خصوص در بخش کشاورزی، برخوردار است. در این پژوهش، اجزاء ردپای آب در تولید جو در 15 استان منتخب که بیشترین تولید جو را در کشور به خود اختصاص می‌دهند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این اجزاء شامل ردپای آب سبز (بارندگی مؤثر)، آبی (نیاز خالص آبیاری)، خاکستری (برای رقیق‌سازی آلاینده‌ها تا سطح حداکثر غلظت قابل قبول) و سفید (تلفات آبیاری) است. نتایج نشان می‌دهند مجموع ردپای آب در تولید محصول جو در سطح کشور برای دورة 1385-1390 (2005-2011)، در حدود 9172 میلیون مترمکعب در سال بوده که سهم آب سبز، آبی، خاکستری و سفید به­ترتیب 37%، 19%، 17%و 27 درصد است. در حدود 44 درصد از مجموع ردپای آب در تولید جو، سهم آب خاکستری و سفید است که مقدار قابل‌توجهی محسوب می‌شود. در حدود 85 درصد از مجموع ردپای آب در تولید ملی جو، مربوط به 15 استان منتخب است. استان­های خراسان، اصفهان و فارس به­ترتیب با 2364، 518 و 498 میلیون مترمکعب در سال بیشترین ردپای آب در تولید جو در اراضی فاریاب کشور را دارا هستند. در بین 15 استان منتخب، متوسط مجموع ردپای آب در اراضی فاریاب در حدود 3209 میلیون مترمکعب بر تن است که سهم آب سبز، آبی، خاکستری و سفید به­ترتیب در حدود 20%، 26%، 18%و 36% از مجموع ردپای آب در این اراضی است. در اراضی دیم نیز متوسط مجموع ردپای آب در حدود 2594 میلیون مترمکعب بر تن برآورد می‌شود که سهم آب سبز و خاکستری به ترتیب 89% و 11 % است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Water Footprint Components in Barley Production at National and Provincial Scales

نویسندگان [English]

  • H R 1
  • B A 2
چکیده [English]

Food security, drought, environment protection, and industrial development have made efficient water resources management necessary. The concept of (virtual) water footprint (WF) has a considerable potential to help improve water resources management, especially in agriculture. In this research, WF of barley production in 15 major barley-producing provinces of Iran was estimated. WF consists of green (effective precipitation), blue (net irrigation requirements), gray (to dilute pollutants to the maximum acceptable concentration level) and white (irrigation losses) components. The results show that the average total WF in Iran’s national barley production for the period 2005-2011 is around 9172 MCM/year, of which the share of green, blue, gray and white WF were 37%, 19%, 17%, and 27 percent, respectively. Nearly 44 percent of total WF was related to the gray and white components, which is a considerable amount. Around 85 percent of the total WF in barley production is consumed in 15 major barley-producing provinces. Khorasan, Isfahan, and Fars provinces have the highest values of total WF in barley production, with 2364, 518 and 489 MCM/year, respectively. Among the 15 selected provinces, the average total WF in irrigated lands was estimated at around 3209 m3/ton with the contribution of green, blue, gray, and white components being 20%, 26%, 18%, and 36 percent, respectively. For rainfed lands, the average total WF was 2594 m3/ton with 89% and 11 percent of green and gray WF, respectively. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gray water
  • White water
  • AGWAT
  • Water requirements

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 30، شماره 3
مهر 1395
صفحه 431-443

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