بررسی اثرات فاصله و میزان آبیاری بر عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب آلوئه‌ورا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد.

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه شهرکرد.

3 کارشناس ارشد زراعت، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان بوشهر.

چکیده

 آلوئه ورا (Aloe Vera L.) گیاهی دارویی است که با شرایط آب و هوایی گرم، خشک و کم‌آب سازگاری خوبی داشته و می‌تواند در الگوی کشت مناطق گرمسیری جنوب ایران قرار گیرد. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثرات فاصله و میزان آبیاری بر عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب آلوئه‌ورا در منطقه دشتستان بوشهر بود. آزمایش بصورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه فاصله آبیاری شامل دو، چهار و شش روز و چهار ضریب تشتک تبخیر کلاس A شامل 2/0، 4/0، 6/0 و 8/0 با سه تکرار و طی دو سال زراعی (89-1388 و 90-1389) اجراء شد. طبق نتایج بدست آمده با افزایش فاصله آبیاری از دو به شش روز تغییرات معنی‌داری در عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب مشاهده نشد. اثرات میزان آبیاری بر میزان عملکرد، تعداد برگ و ارتفاع بوته معنی‌دار بود و کمترین آن‌ها مربوط به ضریب 2/0 بود، ولی در ضرائب 6/0 و 8/0 تفاوت معنی‌­داری مشاهده نگردید. با کاهش میزان آبیاری، کارایی مصرف آب بطور معنی‌­داری افزایش پیدا کرد، بطوریکه کمترین آن مربوط به ضریب 8/0 و بیشترین آن مربوط به ضریب 2/0 بود. بطورکلی برای حصول حداکثر عملکرد (7/5 کیلوگرم در بوته)، ضریب تشتک تبخیر 6/0 معادل 656 میلی‌­متر و برای حصول حداکثر کارایی مصرف آب (5/15 گرم بر لیتر)، ضریب تشتک تبخیر 2/. معادل 8/218 میلی­‌متر آب و به لحاظ سهولت مدیریت آبیاری دور آبیاری شش روز توصیه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Irrigation Interval and Amount of Water on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Aloe Vera

نویسندگان [English]

  • m n 1
  • b gh 2
  • b b 3
چکیده [English]

Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera L.) is a medicinal plant adaptable to arid and warm climates as well as water limited conditions and can be introduced in cropping pattern of southern region of Iran. A field experiment was carried out during two years (2010-2011) in Bushehr, Iran, to investigate the effects of irrigation interval and amount of irrigation water on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of Aloe Vera. The treatments were arranged in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Three irrigation intervals including 2, 4 and 6 days were allocated to the main plots. Also, 4 irrigation amounts, calculated based on four coefficients of class A pan i.e. 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 were allocated to the subplots. The results showed that increasing irrigation interval from 2 to 6 days had no significant effects on yield and WUE of Aloe Vera. The least yield, number of leaves per plant, height of bosk was related to the coefficient of 0.2, and there were no significant difference between coefficients 0.6 and 0.8. Also, by decreasing irrigation amounts, WUE increased significantly. The least WUE related to coefficient 0.8, while the maximum belonged to coefficient 0.2. Generally, to achieve the maximum yield (5.7 kg/plant) and WUE (15.5 g/lit), respectively, the coefficients 0.6 (equivalent to 656 mm water for the whole growing season) and 0.2 (equivalent to 219 mm water/season), and for the ease of management, irrigation interval of 6 days are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water requirement of Aloe Vera
  • Irrigation frequency
  • Evaporation pan
  • Irrigation management

مراجع

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 30، شماره 2
تیر 1395
صفحه 273-283

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