نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات،
2 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Reliable estimates of the seasonal applied water and irrigation performance assessment indicators under current irrigation and orchard management are prerequisites for improving water resources management. In this study, seasonal applied water and irrigation performance assessment indicators of sweet cherries were studied by monitoring 22 orchards under actual conditions, in Ardabil Province (Parsabad and Meshginshahr counties), Iran, during the 2020-2021 growing season. The seasonal estimates of the net crop water requirement, In, during the study season ranged from 460 mm (drip irrigation with no active ground cover) to 729 mm (surface irrigation with active ground cover). The adjusted In estimates for the drip irrigation method were 19-29% lower than those for the surface irrigation method, and the presence of active ground cover increased In by 31-35%. The total sum of seasonal applied water and effective precipitation (I + Pe) and the fruit yield ranged from 436-1457 mm and 1.60-16.67 ton ha-1 (with a weighted average of 583 mm and 9.03 ton ha-1), respectively. Over-irrigation was more common in the initial and developmental growth stages compared to the middle and late growth stages. Most of the study orchards experienced different degrees of deficit irrigation during pre- and post-harvest periods (13 and 21 orchards, respectively). On average, 60% of seasonal applied water was allocated to the post-harvest period. There was no significant difference between the values of the relative irrigation supply index (RIS = I / In) during pre- and post-harvest periods. The water productivity indicators were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the orchardist's education and skill level, orchard size, the age of the trees, the irrigation method, and frost damage. Frost damage accounted for a 61 and 72% reduction in fruit yield and water productivity (WPI+Pe), respectively, compared to the orchards without severe frost damage. The results indicated severely poor irrigation management in the study orchards. Controlling frost damage, and implementing regulated deficit irrigation during the post-harvest period seem to be the most significant and effective strategies to improve irrigation performance indicators in the study area.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
)