ارزیابی عملکرد ارقام کلزا در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران.

چکیده

در بیش‌تر مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، محدودیت آب یکی از دلیل­های اصلی کاهش رشد و عملکرد گیاهان در شرایط دیم و آبی به شمار می‌رود. هدف از انجام این پژوهش مقایسه پاسخ‌های مرفوفیزیولوژیک رقم­های کلزا به شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی بود. به ‌این منظور، آزمایشی به‌صورت‌ اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه ‌بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گچساران اجرا شد. تیمارهای آبیاری در چهار سطح (عدم آبیاری (I0)، آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گلدهی (I1)، آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله پر شدن دانه (I2)، آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گلدهی و پر شدن دانه (I3) ، در پلات اصلی و ارقام هایولا 401، آر. جی. اس، و شیرالی در پلات‌های فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که آبیاری تکمیلی ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و درصد روغن را در مقایسه با شرایط دیم افزایش داد. با آبیاری تکمیلی، وزن هزار دانه در مقایسه با شرایط دیم 31% افزایش یافت. ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ عملکرد دانه از 755 در شرایط دیم به 2350 کیلوگرم در هکتار با دو بار آبیاری تکمیلی رسید. با دو بار آبیاری تکمیلی درصد روغن در مقایسه با شرایط دیم 11/8% افزایش یافت. در همه تیمارهای آبیاری، عملکرد دانه و درصد روغن رقم هایولا 401، بالاتر از ارقام آر. جی. اس و شیرالی بود. به‌طورکلی آبیاری تکمیلی باعث افزایش بهره‌وری آب (0/53 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) و بهبود صفات مرفوفیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و درصد روغن دانه شد. در زراعت کلزای دیم با دو بار آبیاری تکمیلی در مراحل گلدهی و پر شدن دانه، بهره‌وری آب از 0/21 به 0/53 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب، عملکرد دانه از 755 به 2350 کیلوگرم در هکتار، و مقدار روغن از 35/4% به 36/9% افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Some Yield Responses of Canola Cultivars under Supplementary Irrigation and Dry Land Conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • raham mohtashami
Assistants Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Research and Education Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Yasooj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In most arid and semi-arid areas, water limitations are one of the main reasons for the reduced plant growth and yield under irrigation and dry land (rainfed) conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the morphophysiological responses of rapeseed cultivars to supplementary irrigation and dryland conditions. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2017-2018 in the Gachsaran Agricultural Research Station. Irrigation treatments were at four levels (no irrigation=I0, supplementary irrigation at flowering stage=I1, supplementary irrigation at grain filling stage=I2, and supplementary irrigation at flowering stage+ grain filling=I3) in the main plot, and cultivars Hayola 401, R. J. S, and Shirali as factorial in the sub-plots. The results showed that supplementary irrigation increased plant height, number of sub-branches per plant, 1000- grain weight, grain yield, and oil percentage compared to rainfed conditions. With supplementary irrigation, the weight of 1000 grains increased by 32% compared to rainfed. Grain yield increased from 755 in rainfed conditions to 2350 kg.ha-1 with two supplementary irrigations. With two supplementary irrigations, the oil content increased by 11.8% compared to the rainfed conditions. In all irrigation treatments, grain yield and oil content of Hayola 401 were higher than R. J. S and Shirali cultivars. In general, supplementary irrigation improved morphophysiological traits, yield, and percentage of grain oil. In rainfed rapeseed cultivation, with supplemental irrigations at flowering and grain filling, water productivity increased from 0.21 to 0.53 kg m-3 grain yield from 755 to 2350 kg ha-1 and oil percentage from 35.4 to 36.9.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water productivity
  • Grain yield
  • Oil percentage
  • rapeseed

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 37، شماره 4
بهمن 1402
صفحه 353-367

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