اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و کود بر بهره‌وری آب و نیتروژن در کاهو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و ابادانی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

کاهو یکی از مهم‌ترین سبزی‌های برگی است که بیشتر برای مصارف تازه­خوری و سالادی استفاده می‌شود. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر هم‌زمان سطوح مختلف آب و نیتروژن بر عملکرد کاهو رقم آیسبرگ و یافتن بهترین میزان آبیاری و کودآبیاری نیتروژن برای تولید این گیاه در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای بود. کشت کاهو رقم آیسبرگ، به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، در سال ۱۳۹۷ شامل سه تیمار آبیاری (I2،  I1و I3 به ترتیب برای تأمین ۱۰۰%، ۸۰% و ۶۰% تبخیر- تعرق گیاه) و چهار تیمار نیتروژن (N3، N2، N1 و N4 به ترتیب مجموعاً ۱۰۵، ۷۰ و ۳۵ و صفر کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) و در سال ۱۳۹۸ شامل دو تیمار آبیاری (I1 و I3) و دو تیمار نیتروژن (N1 و N4) بود. نتایج حاکی از تأثیر تیمارهای آبیاری، نیتروژن، و اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر عملکرد بازارپسند کاهو بود اما ماده خشک تولیدی تنها تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آبیاری و نیتروژن قرار گرفت. حداکثر عملکرد بازارپسند و ماده خشک تولیدی، به ترتیب برابر با ۱/۶۶ تن در هکتار و ۲/۲۷۲۸ کیلوگرم در هکتار برای تیمار آبیاری کامل با ۱۰۵ کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار (I1N1) به‌دست آمد. حداقل عملکرد بازارپسند و ماده خشک تولیدی نیز مربوط به تیمار ۶۰% تبخیر- تعرق با ۳۵ کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار (I3N3)، به ترتیب برابر با ۵/۳۷ تن در هکتار و ۶/۱۹۲۹ کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. حداکثر و حداقل بهره­وری آب آبیاری برای عملکرد بازارپسند کاهو به ترتیب برابر 21/63 و 15/38 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب برای تیمار I2N1 و I3N3 به‌دست آمد. تابع‌های تولید خطی و غیرخطی عملکرد-آب و عملکرد-نیتروژن برای کاهو رقم آیسبرگ به‌دست آمد که در شرایط محیطی مشابه در تحقیقات و کاربردهای اجرایی می‌تواند مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels of Irrigation and Fertilizer on Water and Nitrogen Productivity in Lettuce

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad saeid Jafari 1
  • Hamideh Noory 2
  • Abdol-Majid Liaghat 2
  • Hamed Ebrahimian 2
1 Dept. of Irrigation & Reclamation Eng., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Dept. of Irrigation & Reclamation Eng., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Lettuce is one of the most important leafy vegetables used primarily for fresh and salad applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of water and nitrogen on lettuce yield and find the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer practices for producing this crop in drip irrigation. Iceberg variety of lettuce was planted in 2018 with three irrigation treatments (I1, I2 and I3 to provide 100%, 80%, and 60% of crop evapotranspiration, ETa, respectively) and four nitrogen treatments (N1, N2, N3, and N4 to provide 105, 70, 35 and zero kg of nitrogen per hectare in total, respectively). In 2019, two irrigation treatments (I1 and I3) and two nitrogen treatments (N1 and N4) were used. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that the effect of irrigation and nitrogen treatments and their interactions on the marketable yield of lettuce; but the dry matter produced was only affected by irrigation and nitrogen treatments. Maximum marketable yield and dry matter production were 66.1 ton.ha-1 and 2728.2 kg.ha-1 for full irrigation treatment with 105 kg.ha-1 nitrogen (I1N1) treatment, respectively. The minimum marketable yield and dry matter were 37.5 ton.ha-1 and 1929.6 kg.ha-1 for 60% ETa treatment with 35 kg.ha-1 nitrogen (I3N3) treatment, respectively. The maximum and minimum irrigation water productivities for marketable yield were 21.63 and 15.38 kg.m-3 for I2N1 and I3N3 treatments, respectively. The linear and nonlinear production functions of yield-water and yield-nitrogen were obtained for lettuce variety Iceberg, which can be used in similar environmental conditions in research and practical applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit irrigation
  • Fertilizer nitrogen
  • Marketable yield
  • Production function
  • Lettuce variety Iceberg

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 35، شماره 1
جلد 35 شماره 1 سال 1400
خرداد 1400
صفحه 19-34

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