Research Paper
7
Majid Smaeli; Hamid Madani; Bahram Majdnasiri; Saeed Chavoshi; Noorali Sajedi
Abstract
To investigate sensitivity indicators of five new sunflower cultivars under water stress conditions in terms of drought tolerance (DT) and water use efficiency (WUE), a split plot experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in 2020 in the Braun ...
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To investigate sensitivity indicators of five new sunflower cultivars under water stress conditions in terms of drought tolerance (DT) and water use efficiency (WUE), a split plot experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in 2020 in the Braun Area of Isfahan Province, Iran. The surface irrigation treatments included three levels based on evaporation from class A evaporation pan: 90 (no-stress), 120 (mild stress), and 150 mm (severe stress), as the main factor, and sunflower hybrids Chiara, Oscar, Fantasia, Hysun33, and Shams, as the secondary factors. Indicators such as economic yield (EY), biological yield (BY), WUE, harvest index (HI) and DT were analyzed. The highest rates of HI (43%), WPe (4854 kg.ha-1), and BY (13457 kg.ha-1) were obtained from no-stress treatment, followed by 120 mm treatment. Among the cultivars, Fantasia variety with BY equal to 12268 kg.ha-1, economic yield (4081kg.ha-1), and HI of 43% had the highest values. The highest WUE was obtained in the conditions of mild stress and severe stress equal to 0.85 and 0.72 kg.m-3, respectively. Among sunflower cultivars, the highest WUE belonged to Hysun 33 with 1.04 kg.m-3. Fantasia with 0.96 kg.m-3and Shams with 0.84 kg.m-3 ranked next. Also, the lowest values of WUE were related to Oscar and Chiara cultivars with values of 0.81 and 0.75 kg.m-3, respectively. In total, deficit irrigation in the 120 mm treatment had the least negative effect on yield and harvest index, and it was suitable in terms of WUE. Finally, Fantasia showed the highest BY, DT, and HI with suitable WUE.
Research Paper
7
Majid Alihouri
Abstract
The amount of agricultural water consumption and water waste can be reduced by properly adjusting the irrigation schedule of plants based on the precise determination of the water requirement of each plant. This research was carried out to determine water requirement and crop coefficient of Barhee date ...
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The amount of agricultural water consumption and water waste can be reduced by properly adjusting the irrigation schedule of plants based on the precise determination of the water requirement of each plant. This research was carried out to determine water requirement and crop coefficient of Barhee date palm. Three drainage lysimeters were applied to measure date palm evapotranspiration. The amounts of date palm evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration were calculated using soil water balance equation and Penman-Monteith method, respectively. The results showed that water requirement of 6, 7, and 8 years old date palm were 1493, 1613 and 1695 mm, respectively, while the amounts of reference evapotranspiration were 2070, 1950, and 1945 mm, respectively. The amount of date palm water requirement increased by 8%, for 6 to 7 years-old and 7.8% for 7 to 8 years. The crop coefficient of 6 years old date palm varied in the range of 0.54-0.80. The minimum crop coefficient was in November, while the maximum was in June and July. For the 7 and 8 years old date palm, crop coefficient varied in the range of 0.62-0.97 and 0.47-1.01, respectively. In 7 and 8 years old date palm, the minimum crop coefficient was in November and the maximum was in August.
Research Paper
7
parvin zolfaghary; Abutaleb Hezarjaribi; Mohamad Esmail Asadi; Ebrahim Amiri
Abstract
Rice is one of the important food products that is generally transplanted. The rice “dry seeding method (DSM)” is a new approach that has provided an opportunity to increase water productivity. In this research, changing the cultivation method from transplanting to DSM and using pressurized ...
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Rice is one of the important food products that is generally transplanted. The rice “dry seeding method (DSM)” is a new approach that has provided an opportunity to increase water productivity. In this research, changing the cultivation method from transplanting to DSM and using pressurized irrigation instead of flooding method was studied in 5 rice fields in Golestan Province. The field with flood irrigation method was considered as the control treatment. Other fields were cultivated in dry soil and irrigated by drip and sprinkler methods. The results showed that, in all parameters related to grain yield and yield components, the field with flood irrigation method had higher values. Economic study at the different growth stages with different irrigation methods showed that by changing the planting method and removing the puddling in rice field, 4000 to 7000 cubic meters of water can be saved. Comparison between different irrigation methods showed that the sprinkler irrigation had a higher average yield (4998 kg/ha) than drip irrigation) 4426 kg/ha(. With 30% yield reduction, this method saved 61% in water use, which is a significant amount. The highest and lowest physical (0.53 and 0.3 kg/m3) and economical productivity rates (141,791 and 82,704 Rials/m3) were related to sprinkler irrigation and flood irrigation, respectively, which show very low water productivity in the rice fields of the province. This shows the need to increase water productivity under the current climatic conditions of the country.
Research Paper
7
farzane golestanifar; abbas khashei; sohrab mahmoodi
Abstract
Estimating potential evapotranspiration values is very important for calculating the water requirement in line with agricultural planning for different crops. For this purpose, in the present study, three polyethylene lysimeters with drains and completely sealed, with a diameter of 60 cm and a height ...
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Estimating potential evapotranspiration values is very important for calculating the water requirement in line with agricultural planning for different crops. For this purpose, in the present study, three polyethylene lysimeters with drains and completely sealed, with a diameter of 60 cm and a height of 100 cm were used to determine the crop coefficient and water requirement of quinoa. Titicaca quinoa seeds were planted on May 7, 2019, with 60 plants/m2. The soil moisture level was recorded by TDR and also the drainage output in each lysimeter was measured before irrigation. In order to measure potential evapotranspiration, the equations of Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle (based on temperature) and Priestley-Taylor (based on radiation) were used. The results showed that the total amount of potential evapotranspiration during the growing season according to the FAO Penman-Monteith (ETo) method was 720 mm, according to the Blaney-Criddle method 581 mm, and according to the Priestley-Taylor method, 754 mm, while the total evapotranspiration of quinoa (ETc) in lysimeters was 553 mm. Also, the value of quinoa crop coefficient (Kc) in the first stage (21 days period), second stage (26 days period), third stage (38 days period) and fourth stage of quinoa growth (34 days period) using the Penman-Monteith method was equal to 0.42, 0.66, 1.03 and 0.71, in Blaney-Criddle method, 0.54, 0.88, 1.28 and 0.82, and in Priestley-Taylor method 0.40, 0.62, 0.97 and 0.68, respectively. These results show the Penman-Monteith method, as the best method, can be used as a criterion for determining the potential evapotranspiration, but the Blaney-Criddle method needs to be calibrated in the region.
Research Paper
6
Masoud Pourgholam-Amiji; Khaled Ahmadaali; Abdolmajid Liaghat
Abstract
This research aimed to select essential features for modeling the cost of pressurized irrigation systems using the data of 515 drip irrigation projects in four parts, including the cost of pumping station and central control system (TCP), cost of on-farm equipment (TCF), cost of installation and operation ...
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This research aimed to select essential features for modeling the cost of pressurized irrigation systems using the data of 515 drip irrigation projects in four parts, including the cost of pumping station and central control system (TCP), cost of on-farm equipment (TCF), cost of installation and operation on-farm and pumping station (TCI), and total cost (TCT). In the first stage, a database including 39 features influencing the cost of the mentioned sectors was prepared and the price of all projects (2006 to 2019) was updated for the base year of 2021. Then, feature selection was done with different algorithms in MATLAB environment and in two parts including (1) all features (39 features before and after the design stage) and (2) 18 features before the design phase (BD). The results showed that the amounts of RMSE and R2 for all the features were equal to 0.007 and 0.92, respectively, and for the BD section, they were equal to 0.003 and 0.89, respectively. Among the different algorithms for feature selection, support vector machine (SVM) and optimization algorithms (Wrapper) were identified as the best learner and feature selection method, respectively. The results of the evaluation criteria showed that the two LCA and FOA algorithms achieved the best estimation, and their error criterion in all the features were 0.0020 and 0.0018, respectively, while their correlations were 0.94 and 0.94. In the BD features, these criteria were 0.0006 and 0.95 for both algorithms, respectively. Finally, in the all features section, 10 out of 39 features and for BD section, 8 out of 18 were selected as the most effective features. The results of choosing the most effective features that affect the cost of different parts of the drip irrigation system can make the cost modeling of the systems simpler and faster and, while being useful for research works, it facilitates estimation and management of costs before implementation of each project.
Research Paper
7
Mojtaba Khoshravesh; Masoud Pourgholam-Amiji
Abstract
Searching for ways to reduce consumption and preserve water resources is of great importance. Using magnetized water may be effective in this regard. In this research, the effect of water stress using magnetized water on the yield and yield components of strawberry plants was investigated. The factorial ...
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Searching for ways to reduce consumption and preserve water resources is of great importance. Using magnetized water may be effective in this regard. In this research, the effect of water stress using magnetized water on the yield and yield components of strawberry plants was investigated. The factorial experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in 2021 and 2022 in Neka Region. The main factor included the type of irrigation water (Non-Magnetized Water (W1) and Magnetized Water (W2)) and the secondary factor included the level of irrigation in three levels (100% FI: Flood irrigation =I1, 80%FI =I2, and 60%FI =I3). The results showed that the effect of irrigation water type and irrigation level on the number of fruits per plant, length, diameter and weight of fruit, biomass, and plant yield and water productivity was significant (p< 1%). On average, by application of magnetized water, the number of fruits per plant, length, diameter and fruit weight, biomass, plant yield, and water productivity were increased by 15.1%, 16.6%, 18%, 20/2%, 23%, 16.8%, and 11.7%, respectively. By reducing the amount of irrigation water, the appearance characteristics of strawberry fruit and yield decreased, but the water productivity increased. The biggest decrease was related to the number of fruits per plant at the irrigation level of 60%, which decreased by 42.72% compared to the control treatment. In conclusion, use of magnetized water technology and deficit irrigation improved strawberry yield.
Research Paper
7
atefeh roudbari; ali bagheri
Abstract
Unfortunately, at some meteorological stations, there are no facilities for measurement of some weather parameters, so, they should be estimated. Therefore, determining the correctness of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) method by using the estimated data is very important. Based on this, the objective ...
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Unfortunately, at some meteorological stations, there are no facilities for measurement of some weather parameters, so, they should be estimated. Therefore, determining the correctness of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) method by using the estimated data is very important. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the Penman-Monteith method for estimating ETo in Mazandaran Province, Iran, when solar radiation (Rs), vapor pressure (ed) and relative humidity (RH) data are not available. Data of Sari, Qarakheil, and Amol synoptic stations were used to compare the estimated ETo by the Penman-Monteith method for the complete and limited data sets. The results showed that when RH and ed data were missing, the Penman-Monteith method was still a very good option for estimating ETo in Sari, Ghaemshahr and Amol station, with RMSE values smaller than 0.3 mm day-1. However, when Rs was missing, the Penman-Monteith method was not good enough for estimating ETo, and RMSE increased to more than 1 mm day-1. The results also showed that solar radiation was the most effective parameter on ETo estimation and both vapor pressure and relative humidity had the same effect on ETo estimation.