Effects of Soil and Water Salinity on Flower Yield, Soluble Compounds, Content of Saline Elements and Essential Oil Quality of German Chamomile (Shirazian Babooneh, Matricaria recutita L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 student Shahed University Department of Agronomy, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran;

2 asissitans prof Shahed University Department of Agronomy, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran;

3 Asociate Shahed University Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECER), Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, Tehran, Iran;

Abstract

Water and soil salinity limit crop production in arid and semi arid areas. Evaluation of salt tolerance of medicinal plants is important, particularly, for their cultivation in saline areas. To evaluate the effect of salinity of water and soil on chamomile plants yield, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with five levels of water salinity including control, 3.5, 6.5, 9.5 and 12.5 dS.m-1 in three replications. The study was conducted in the Research Greenhouse of Biology Department of Shahed University, Tehran. In this study, parameters including morphological attributes, proline and protein content, plant content of Na, K, Ca, and Cl, percentage of essential oil and Chamazulene were evaluated. The results showed that, with increasing salinity, growth parameters of chamomile plants decreased significantly. A change in the amount of secondary metabolites was significant as compared with the control, in which salinity decreased essential oil (35.23%) and increased chamazulene percent (26.31).Compared with the control plant, amount of NA+ in stem (54.34%) and root (60%) and also Cl- in stem (68.42%) and root (76.19%), of chamomile plants increased with increasing salinity levels, thereby decreasing the absorption of Ka and Ca elements by chamomile. The results showed that cultivation of medicinal plants like chamomile, which are relatively tolerant to salinity, helps in reclamation and improvement of saline soils and can lead to high crop yield with a relatively good quality.

Keywords

References

  1. Alizadeh GH., Ghasemi Golozani. K and Taghizadeh. S. 2007. Study of the effect of salinity and temperature on germination, seedling growth and ion reactions in millet. Journal of research and development. Agriculture and Horticulture. No. 74. pp 115-122. (in Farsi).
  2. Al-Karaki, G. N.2000. Growth, water use efficiency, and sodium and potassium acquisition by tomato cultivar grown under salt stress. J. plant nut. 23(1): 1-8.
  3. Allakhverdiev, S.I., Sakamoto, A., Nishiyama, Y., Inaba, M and Murata, N., 2000b. Ionic and osmotic effects of NaCl-induced inactivation of photosystems I and II in Synechococcus sp. Plant Physiol. 123, 1047–1056.
  4. H. and Soroushzadeh. A.2005. Study of effect of calcium on the distribution of sodium and potassium nitrate in rice seedlings under salinity conditions. Journal of Biology. 18 (2): 92-100. (in Farsi).
  5. M. and A. Saghir. 2000. Influence of sodium chloride on ion accumulation, yield components and fiber characteristics in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field Crop. Res. 66: 115-127.
  6. Baghalian, K. Haghiry, A. Naghavi, M.R. and Mohammadi, A. 2008. Effect of saline irrigation on agronomical and phytochemical characters of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Scientia Horticulturae 116 (2008). 437-441.
  7. Baker, D.E and Suhr, N.H., 1982. Atomic absorption and flame emission spectrometry. Part 2. Chemical and Microbial Properties. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 460-461.
  8. Bates, I. S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I. D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water- stress studies. plant soil.39:205-207.
  9. Graifenberg, A., Giustiniani, L., Temperini, O and Paola, M. L. 1995. Allocation of Na, Cl, K and Ca within plant tissues in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) under salinesodic conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 63: 1-10.
  10. Greenway, H and Munns, R., 1980. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31, 149–190.
  11. Hammatranjan, A. 1998. Advances in plant physiology. Pawan kumar scientific pub. India.
  12. Heidari Sharifabad. H. 2001. Plant & Salinity. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Research. P 199. (in Farsi).
  13. M. 2002. Responses of plant to salinity. Iranian national committee on Irrigation and Drainage. P 97. (in Farsi).
  14. Khan, M.S.A., Hamid, A. and Karim, M.A., 1997. Effect of sodium chloride on germination and seedling characters of different type of rice (Oriza sativa). Jornal of Agronomy and Crop Science 179(3): 163-169
  15. Khan, M.A and Ungar, I.A., Showalter, A.M., 2000. The effect of salinity on the growth, water status, and ion content of a leaf succulent perennial halophyte Suadea fruticosa Forssk. J. Arid Environ. 45, 73–84.
  16. Y. 2009. Effects of salinity on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Artichoke. Msc. Thesis. Department of Agriculture. Shahed university. Tehran. (in Farsi).
  17. A., Galeshi. S., Zeinali. A and Zangi. M. R. 2004. Study of salt tolerance of thirty genotypes of cotton in germination stage. Journal of Agricultural science and Industries. 180 (1): 109-126. (in Farsi).
  18. Lee, H., Kim, Y.S. and Lee, C.B. 2002. The inductive response of the antioxidant enzymes by salt stress in rice (oryza sativa L.). J. Plant physiol. 158:737-745.
  19. Mansour, M.M., Stadelmann, E.G., and Lee-Stadelmann. 1993. Salt acclimation of Triticum aestivum by coline chloride: plant growth, mineral content and permeability. Plant Physiology and Biochemstry 31(3): 341-348.
  20. Mansour, M.M.F. 2000. Nitrogen containing compounds and adaptation of plants to salinity stress. Biol. Plant. 43, 491–500.
  21. M. 2009. Effects of salinity on antioxidant enzymes in Shirazian babooneh. Msc Thesis. Paiam-e-noor university of Tehran. (in Farsi).
  22. R 1999. Study of chemical type of vehicle chamomile in Iran and compare it with modified types. Agricultural science of Modarres. 1: 45-52. (in Farsi).
  23. A., Sadr. V. A.and Hamidi. H. 2007. The effect of salinity on morphological properties of Nigella sativa. Journal of plant breeding and genetics research. Iran. Volume 15. No. 1. pp 75-84. (in Farsi).
  24. H. 2004. Natural medicines and plants. Roozbahan publications. (in Farsi).
  25. SH. 2007. Effect of different levels of salinity on germination of six medicinal plants. Symposium of medicinal plants. Tehran. P 49. (in Farsi).
  26. S., Sakaguchi. S., Furukawa. H., Ikeda. H. 2006. Effects of NaCl application to hydroponic nutrient solution on fruit characteristics of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). Science Horticulture. 109, 248-253
  27. M. Applied soil science (Evaluation & Morphology). Tehran university publications.
  28. Song J., and Fujiwara H. 1996. Ameliorative effect of potassium on rice and tomato subjected to sodium salinization. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 42: 493- 502.
  29. Waling, I., W. Van. Vark, V.J.G. Houba, J.J. Van der lee. 1989. Soil and plant analysis, a series of syllabi. Part 7. Plant Analysis Procedutes. Wageningen Agriculture University.
Journal of Water Research in Agriculture
Volume 26, Issue 4
June 2013
Pages 367-378

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics