Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Fakhroddin ghassemi sahebi 1
- Omolbani Mohammadrezapour 2
- Masoomeh Delbari 3
- Abbas KhasheiSiuki 4
- Ali Cherati 5
1 Department of water engineering, Zabol university, Zabol, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol.
4 Associated Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Birjand.
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil and Water Research, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO.
Abstract
To investigate the effect of unconventional water and zeolite on yield and water use efficiency of sorghum, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications, at Gharakhil Agricultural Research Station in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province. In this experiment, the main treatment was irrigation water quality (well water as control (W1); 75% well water and 25% seawater (W2); 25% well water and 75% seawater (W3); 100% treated urban wastewater alternated with 100% seawater (W4); 50% seawater and 50% urban treated wastewater (W5); irrigation with urban treated wastewater (W6)), and sub-treatment included three levels of zeolite as soil amendment (without zeolite Z1, calcic zeolite Z2, and potasic zeolite Z3). The results of data analysis showed that irrigation water quality treatments and zeolite levels had a significant (P<0.05) effect on plant yield. With increasing salinity, the yield of fresh and dry fodder sorghum decreased, but no significant difference was observed between treatments W5 and W4. The fresh and dry fodder yield in treated wastewater with calcic zeolite was higher than other treatments. The highest leaf area index was recorded in W6Z2 treatment (7.62) and the lowest was in W3Z1 treatment (3.80). The highest water use efficiency of fresh forage was observed in W6Z2 treatment (12.7 kg/m3) and the lowest in W3Z1 treatment (4.62 kg/m3).
Keywords
- احمدی، م.، خاشعی، ع. و شهیدی، ع. 1393. تاثیر آب مغناطیسی و نوع زئولیت طبیعی کلینوپتیلولایت بر مولفه های رشد لوبیای سبز. نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران، 2(8): 401-393.
- امداد، م، ر. و فرداد، ح. 1379. اثر تنش شوری (NaCl) و رطوبتی بر عملکرد ذرت. مجله علوم کشاورزی،31 (3): 641-654.
- پیری، ح.، انصاری، ح. و پارسا، م. 1395. بررسی عملکرد کمی و کیفی سورگوم علوفه ای در سطوح مختلف شوری و آب آبیاری در سامانه آبیاری قطره ای زیر سطحی . نشریه پژوهش آب در کشاورزی/ب/جلد 30/شماره 4: 482-467.
- جلالی، ع.، گلوی، م.، قنبری، ا.، رمرودی، م و یوسف الهی، م. 1389. اثر آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری بر عملکرد و جذب فلزات سنگین در سورگوم علوفه ای. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، علوم آب و خاک،4 (52): 24-15.
- حیدری شریف آبادی، ح. 1380 . گیاه و شوری. انتشارات موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، تهران. ص 199.
- سازمان هواشناسی استان مازندران. 1395. آمار ایستگاه هواشناسی قراخیل قائمشهر.
- سرمدنیا، غ .ح .و ع. کوچکی.1386 . فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد، ص 400.
- شریفان، ح. و کاظمی حسنوند، م. 1394. بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه سورگوم تحت شرایط آبیاری با آب دریای خزر. نشریه آبیاری و هکشی ایران،1 (9): 169-163.
- کاراندیش، ف. و توراج زاده، ا. 1394. بررسی نقش شیوه آبیاری با آب شور بر عملکرد سورگوم و ارتقاع کارایی مصرف آب و عناصر غذایی. نشریه پژوهش آب در کشاورزی،1 (29): 61-49.
- متقی، ل.، اله دادی، ا.، شیرانی راد، ا.، اکبری، غ. و حسنلو، ط. 1393. بررسی اثر زئولیت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ های کلزا تحت شرایط کم آبی. به زراعی کشاورزی، 2(16): 397- 381.
- مولوی، ح.، محمدی، م. و لیاقت، ع. 1391. اثر مدیریت آب شور طی دوره رشد بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه ای و پروفیل شوری خاک .مجله علوم و مهندسی آبیاری اهواز،3 (35): 18-11.
- نوروزی، ح. روشنفکر، ح. حسیبی، پ. و م. مسگر باشی. 1393 . تأثیر شوری آب آبیاری بر عملکرد و کیفیت دورقم ارزن علوفه ای. نشریه پژوهش آب در کشاورزی (3) :560-551.
- Allen, R., Pereira, L., Raes, D. and Smith, M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO-56: 11-27.
- Croser, C., S. Renault, J. Franklin and J. Zwiazek. 2001. The effect of salinity on the emergence and seedling growth of piceamorian, picceaglausa and pinusbanksiana. Environ. Poll. 115: 6-16.
- Erfani, A., G.H. Haghnia and A. Alizadeh, 2001. Effect of irrigation by treated waste water on the yield and quality of tomato. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 15: 65-67.
- Ernst WJ, Verkley J, Schat H. 1992. Metal tolerance in plants. Acta botanica neerlandica, 41: 229-248.
- Eshghi S, Mahmoodabadi MR, Abdi GR, Jamali B. 2010. Zeolite ameliorates the adverse effect of cadmium contamination on growth and nodulation of soybean plant (Glycine max L.). Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 4(10): 43- 50.
- Feizi, M. 2001. Effect of treated wastewater on accumulation of heavy metals in plant and soil. PP. 142-151, In: R. Ragab, G. Pearce, J. Changkim, S. Nairizi and A. Hamdy (Eds.), 52nd ICID, International Workshop on Wastewater Reuse and Management. Seoul, Korea.
- Fracios, L. E., Donovan, T. J and Mass, E. V. 1984. Salinity effects on seed yield, growth and germination of grain sorghum. Agronomy Journal, 76: 741-744
- Ganjegunte, G., Ulery, A., Niu, G. and Wu, Y. 2017. Effects of treated municipal wastewater irrigation on soil properties, switchgrass biomass production and quality under arid climate. Industrial Crops and Products. 99: 60-69.
- Ghanbari, A., Abedi koupai, J., & Taie Semiromi, J. (2007). Effect of municipal wastewater irrigation on yield and quality of wheat and some soil properties in sistan zone. Journal of Science and Technology Agricultural and Natural Recourse, 10: 59-74
- Huang, C.H. Zong, L. Buonanno, M. Xue, X. Wang, T. and A. Tedeschi. 2012. Impact of saline water irrigation on yield and quality of melon (Cucumismelo cv.Huanghemi) in northwest China: European Journal of Agronomy 43: 68-76.
- Li, J., Gao, Y., Zhang, X., Tian, P., Li, J. and Tian, Y. 2019. Comprehensive comparison of different saline water irrigation strategies for tomato production: Soil properties, plant growth, fruit yield and fruit quality. Agricultural Water Management. 213: 521-533
- Maas, E. V., Hoffman, N and Montemurro, F. 2002. Salinity Tolerance in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): Field performance under salt stress. Italy Journal of Agronomy, 2: 111-116.
- Moradi-Ghahderijani, M., Jafarian, S. and Keshavarz, H. 2017. Alleviation of water stress effects and improved oil yield in sunflower by application of soil and foliar amendments. Rhizosphere. 4: 54-61
- Nadia, E.S., 2005. Response of Sorghum sp. to sewage waste-water irrigation. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 6: 869-874.
- Naseri M, Khalatbari M, Paknejad F. 2012. Evaluate the effect of different ranges zeolite consuming on yield and yield component and physiological characteristics of grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Var. Kimiya under water deficit stress. Annals of Biological Research 3 (7): 3547-3550.
- Netondo, G.F., Onyango, J.C., Beck, E., 2004. Sorghum and salinity: II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress.Crop Science. 44: 806–811.
- Polat, E., Karaca, M., Demir, H. and Naci Onus, A. 2004. Use of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) in agriculture. Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12: 183-189.
- Ponizovsky AA, Tsadilas CD. 2003. Lead (II) retention by Alfisol and clinoptilolite: cation balance and pH effect. Geoderma 115: 303–312.
- Raja, S., Cheema, H., Babar, S., Ali Khan, A., Murtaza, G. and Aslam. U. 2015. Socio-economic background of wastewater irrigation and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in crops and vegetables. Agricultural Water Management, 158: 26–34.
- Rahakova M, Cuvanova S, Dzivak M, Rimar J, Gavalova Z. 2004. Agricultural and agro chemical uses of natural zeolite of the clinoptilolite type. Current Opinion In solid state and Materials Science 8: 397-404.
- Rekik, I., Chaabane, Z., Missaoui, A., Chenari Bouket, A., Luptakova, L., Elleuch, A. and Belbahri, L. 2017. Effects of untreated and treated wastewater at the morphological, physiological and biochemical levels on seed germination and development of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Journal of Hazardous Materials. 326: 165–176
- Shao, H. B., Chu, L. Y., Jaleel, C. A., Manivannan, P., Panneerselvam, R. and Shao, M. A. 2009. Understanding water deficit stress-induced changes in the basic metabolism of higher plants-biotechnologically and sustainably improving agriculture and the Eco environment in arid regions of the globe. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 29: 131-151.
)