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mehri saeedinia; Seyed Hossein Mousavi; Sajjad Rahimi Moghaddam
Abstract
Iran is located in the dry belt of the earth and its rainfall is one third of the global average. Therefore, proper management of water resources is necessary, especially in the agricultural sector. For this purpose, in 2022, a research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of several ...
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Iran is located in the dry belt of the earth and its rainfall is one third of the global average. Therefore, proper management of water resources is necessary, especially in the agricultural sector. For this purpose, in 2022, a research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of several soil amendments in Khorram Abad region, in the research farm of Lorestan University. The experiment was factorial with a randomized complete block design in three replications. Treatments were irrigation water at 4 levels of I1=100%, I2=80%, I3=60%, and I4=40% of the water requirement and different soil moisture amendments including vermicompost (C) 6 t/ha, biochar (B) 1.5 t/ha, superabsorbent (S) 63 kg/ha, and organic mulch (M) 7.5 t/ha and the control treatment (I). Results showed that the highest productivity, biological yield, and plant height were related to I1-C treatment, which were 126.71 t/ha, 46.27 t/ha and 2.35 meters, respectively. The highest water productivity and biological productivity at the probability level of 5% was I2-C, which was calculated as 16.79 kg of fresh fodder/m3 of irrigation water and 5.9 kg of dry matter/m3 water. In general, vermicompost and biochar also increased the fresh and biological yield, height, and water productivity of corn. The use of mulch in 100% and 80% treatments had better effect, but with the increase in water stress (i.e. I3 and I4), effect of mulch decreased (5.3% and 1% relative to the control). Superabsorbent in I100, I80, I60 treatments showed lower effect (9.3%,7.2%, 3% less fresh weight than the control, respectively). However, with increasing stress, I4 had better results (7.6% higher fresh yield than the control). Therefore, in Khorram Abad region, the amount of 6 t/ha of vermicompost and 80% of the water requirement applied by drip tape irrigation for fodder corn is recommended to increase the production rate while saving 20% of water consumption.
4
Ali Mohammad Jafari; Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi; Mousa Solgi; Ghasem Zarei; Karwan Shanazi
Abstract
Water scarcity is the biggest problem in Hamadan Province. In the meantime, agricultural sector is more vulnerable than other economic sectors due to its high share of water consumption. Policymakers are interested in adopting appropriate policies and tools to manage crisis and tackle water scarcity ...
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Water scarcity is the biggest problem in Hamadan Province. In the meantime, agricultural sector is more vulnerable than other economic sectors due to its high share of water consumption. Policymakers are interested in adopting appropriate policies and tools to manage crisis and tackle water scarcity problems. This study aimed to determine the economic value of water in the agricultural sector of the province and the potential for revenue generation of this resource in the production of irrigated crops. Selected products for the study included wheat, barley, alfalfa, potato, sugar beet, corn, grain fodder, watermelon, garlic, cucumber, tomato, grape, and walnut products. Data was obtained through questionnaires and interviews with farmers for the 2018-19 crop year and for estimating economic value of water using Cobb-Douglas production form. The results showed that the economic value of water in different crops was greater than the water supply costs. The economic value of water for the mentioned products was equal to 2043, 3775, 6023, 3506, 2136, 1956, 1778, 4902, 36750, 16337 and 4929, 15840 and 20064 Rials/m3 and, on average, 9232 Rials/m3 of water, respectively. These figures are compared to the cost of extracting water from underground sources the most expensive source is 496 Rials/m3, which shows a big gap between these numbers; therefore, it is possible to price water at the same rate as the above figures. This provides incentives towards more efficient water use in this economic sector.
4
Masoumeh yadollahpour arabi; Shahram Yousefifar; Mohammad Ali Kazembeyki
Abstract
Water and land were two important factors of production in Iran and irrigation water depended on type of ownership. According to the differences of geographical location and social status of Iranian Plateau, the situation of water and land ownership changed in different areas. Climate, social status, ...
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Water and land were two important factors of production in Iran and irrigation water depended on type of ownership. According to the differences of geographical location and social status of Iranian Plateau, the situation of water and land ownership changed in different areas. Climate, social status, and strategic situation of Mazandaran Province affected the model of land and water ownership and gave them characteristics. We intended to answer these questions in this study: What institution built Mazandaran water facilities? How was the situation of their ownership? What effect did the production system and land ownership have on the water ownership and Mazandaran irrigation situation? The findings of this study showed that the water ownership right was directly affected by landholding system and the relationship between landowner and farmer. This right was under the supervision of religion and traditions of Iran in Qajar era. The ownership of Mazandaran important rivers was in a form of Khaliseh (governmental) and water delivery and distribution was done by the villagers (Mirabi) from the Khaliseh villages. Climate and soil fertility were important factors in growing types of crops and in making water facilities such as Ab-bandan (water storage ponds) and Qanat, which were made by the people. Government mostly monitored water resources during the water distribution and building dam on them. Also, government benefited from Khalise right. This issue was examined historically and the data are provided from library documentation and archives. An explanatory method of describing and analyzing the subject has been used in this study.
4
Zahra Rostamian; Bahman Khosravipour; Mansour ghanian
Abstract
This quantitative research was carried out with the aim of identifying the driving and deterrent factors in the formation, activity, and development of Khuzestan Province's water users’ associations of irrigation networks. The research method was survey and descriptive-correlational. The statistical ...
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This quantitative research was carried out with the aim of identifying the driving and deterrent factors in the formation, activity, and development of Khuzestan Province's water users’ associations of irrigation networks. The research method was survey and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all experts of the exploitation companies of Khuzestan Province Water and Electricity Organization (N = 200), 130 of them (n = 130) were selected by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by agricultural extension and training specialists of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan and the use of Cronbach Alpha test. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. The results of factor analysis indicated that the driving factors of water organizations were in 5 groups of production, social capital, legal, economic and executive, which in general explain 68.6% of the total variance. The results of factor analysis indicate that the driving factors of water users’ associations included 5 groups of production, social capital, legal, economic, and executive factors, which, in general, explain 68.64% of the total variance. In the factor analysis, the deterrents of water users' associations were identified as 5 groups including supportive, legal, managerial, extra-organizational and extension factors, which explain 47.29% of the total variance. According to the findings, the share of the promoters and driving factors in the activities and development of water users’ associations in Khuzestan Province is more than the deterrent factors.
4
Hossein Ebrahimnezhad; Ali Keramatzadeh; Farshid Eshraghi; azam rezaee
Abstract
One of the important problems in the agricultural sector of Iran is the low productivity of inputs, especially water. In this study, in addition to determining the physical and economic productivity of water, the factors affecting these productivities in the production of orange in Ghaemshahr County ...
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One of the important problems in the agricultural sector of Iran is the low productivity of inputs, especially water. In this study, in addition to determining the physical and economic productivity of water, the factors affecting these productivities in the production of orange in Ghaemshahr County of Mazandaran Province were also investigated. For these purposes, three indexes of water use productivity including crop per drop (CPD), Gross benefit per drop (BPD), and net benefit per drop (NBPD) were used. Also, regression analysis was used to investigate the factors affecting water productivity. Necessary information was collected by completing 162 questionnaires from gardeners in the study area in 2018-19. Data analysis was also performed using Eviews7 software. The results of the analysis of water productivity indices showed that the average CPD index for orange was 6.9 kg /m3, BPD index was 47500 Rials and NBPD at three interest rates of 10%, 12%, and 15% was 29000, 28000, and 26600 Rials, respectively. Well’s discharge rate, days when wells were used, time spent for irrigation, the number of irrigations, age of trees, the distance between the trees, age of trees, cost of pesticide, and cost of fertilizer were the factors affecting water productivity. Among the mentioned variables, the variable of “time spent for irrigation” had the greatest effect on the physical water productivity, through the effect on the amount of irrigation water. Due to the negative effect of well discharge rate, the number of irrigations, and time spent on irrigation on the economic productivity of water, it is recommended to irrigate the orange trees in accordance with their needs and in a way that less water is applied.
4
Zahra Ghafarimoghadam; ebrahim moradi; mahmoud hashemi tabar; Ali Sardar Shahraki
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the future of water in the agricultural sector of the Sistan region. In this study, to determine the final drivers, we relied on Future Studies techniques and, by using the Expert Panel method, 23 drivers were identified and seven main drivers ...
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The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the future of water in the agricultural sector of the Sistan region. In this study, to determine the final drivers, we relied on Future Studies techniques and, by using the Expert Panel method, 23 drivers were identified and seven main drivers affecting the Sistan water crisis were used to write the scenarios by Delphi method. These factors included drought, dependence on external water resources, the lack of sufficient attention to water resources management, careless cultivation of crops with high water requirement, inappropriate irrigation methods, technological weakness of agriculture, and free water charges in the agriculture sector. Also, 86% of the Sistan region will be exposed to a severe water crisis in the future according to the hazard zonation map. Furthermore, probable conditions for each of these factors were presented, and using that, 3 scenarios with high acclimatization include the first, second, and third scenarios for the water crisis in Sistan, which were designed using the Wizard Scenario software. In these scenarios, three situations including: possible state (if the drivers remain in the current state), optimistic state (improvement of the condition), and pessimistic state (weakening of the condition) were designed for each of the factors. Cultivation of crops with high water requirement were in a pessimistic state, free water and drought in a possible state, and the other drivers in an optimistic state. In these scenarios, optimistic conditions were superior to others and formed most of the assumptions. It is expected that these scenarios would improve water and agricultural conditions in the Sistan Plain.
4
arsalan biniaz; Mahmoud Ahmadpour Borazjani; saman ziaee; hamid mohammadi
Abstract
Water is an essential input for agricultural activities and is scarce in arid areas. Therefore, sustainable use of limited water resources in agriculture is of great importance. In the present study, water pricing and quotation methods in agriculture and horticulture sectors of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad ...
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Water is an essential input for agricultural activities and is scarce in arid areas. Therefore, sustainable use of limited water resources in agriculture is of great importance. In the present study, water pricing and quotation methods in agriculture and horticulture sectors of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces were studied as tools for water resources management. For this purpose, the positive mathematical planning (PMP) approach was used and the cultivation pattern in the area was simulated. Then, the effect of water pricing and quotation policies on the pattern of cultivation was examined in the form of 7 scenarios including: (no change in water quota or price), (no change in quota +10%, 20% or 30% higher price for water), and (10%, 20%, or 30% lower quota with no change in water price). The results showed that in all scenarios, the area under cultivation and water consumption of crops would decrease and the area under cultivation of rainfed crops would increase. For example, under 30% reduction in water quota, wheat cultivation area decreased from 28530 ha to 23004 ha, with similar trends for irrigated barley and maize. In addition, the results indicate a decrease in the gross yield of agricultural activities, which, in turn, would lead to a decrease in the level of agricultural activities in the region, with social and economic consequences on the agricultural conditions of the region. With the intensification of water restrictions (increasing prices and reducing quotas), the amount of water consumed for the province's gardens will also decrease. According to the results, reducing the water supply and increasing its price has a great impact on the number of livestock and the amount of water used in livestock. In general, it seems that increasing water prices, reducing the water quota of units and also the combination of these two scenarios can reduce water loss in agricultural activities.
4
Moazzam Hassanpour Asil; Jamalali Olfati; Mohammadreza Khaledian; Zahra-Sadat Nabavi Mohajer
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of fertigation with different levels of nutrient solutions and different irrigation regimes on water productivity (ratio of yield to water containing nutrients) in greenhouse lily cultivation. The experiment was conducted in two years at the ...
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The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of fertigation with different levels of nutrient solutions and different irrigation regimes on water productivity (ratio of yield to water containing nutrients) in greenhouse lily cultivation. The experiment was conducted in two years at the University of Guilan. In the first year, the best treatment was determined among four different concentrations of nutrient solution according to Coic solution including S1, S2, S3, and S4. The results of mean comparison showed that S1 treatment (treatment with the highest concentration of nutrients) had a positive effect on most vegetative, reproductive, and postharvest characteristics of lily. In the second year, with appropriate nutrient solution and three different levels including S11, S12, and S13, different irrigation regimes according to field capacity percent (%FC) were considered. Four different irrigation regimes including 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% FC were applied. The results of the second experiment showed that application of deficit irrigation treatments including 90%, 80%, and 70% of FC increased water productivity without any significant effects on the vegetative and reproductive characteristics. The results also showed that irrigation treatments had significant effects on traits such as vase life, which was increased by decreasing water consumption and increasing nutrient concentration. Regarding the vegetative characteristics of lily plants, the data showed that traits such as fresh and dry weights of roots, leaves, and flowers were positively affected by decreasing irrigation levels and increasing concentration of nutrient solution, while plant height and both number and weight of daughter bulbs were not affected by these treatments. The highest water productivity (nutrients solutions) was obtained in the S3 and 80% FC, being 21.57 kg/m3.
4
Javad Baghani; Hormoz Asadi
Abstract
The present research was conducted in 2017 with the aim of investigating the possibility of using solar energy (photovoltaic systems) compared to energy from national network of electricity in three irrigation systems of Tape, Center pivot, and Fixed classical sprinkler irrigation in Alborz province. ...
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The present research was conducted in 2017 with the aim of investigating the possibility of using solar energy (photovoltaic systems) compared to energy from national network of electricity in three irrigation systems of Tape, Center pivot, and Fixed classical sprinkler irrigation in Alborz province. At first, 2 dominant crops in the region (wheat and maize) were identified and the water requirement of these crops was determined under Karaj conditions. Then, the energy needed to supply the necessary power in each of the irrigation systems using the electricity network and solar power was determined. Afterwards, the number of solar panels needed to supply this amount of energy and the initial cost for the construction of the solar system was examined, as well as the costs of using the electricity network. Then, by evaluating the crops yield performance in the region and its economic value, the profitability of the products was determined in the region. The t-test was used to determine the difference between the mean cost and revenue or profit of the systems statistically. According to the economic results in the analysis period, in network electricity with irrigation systems of Fixed classical sprinkler, Center pivot, and Tape irrigation, net present value was estimated as 753.7, 770.3, and 1212.2 Iraniak million Rials, and benefit cost ratio in these systems was estimated at 1.64, 1.67 and 2.1. In solar system with irrigation systems of Fixed classical sprinkler, Center pivot, and Tape irrigation, net present value was estimated as 322.6 , 713, and 988.8 Iraniak million Rials, and benefit cost ratio in these systems was estimated at 1.2, 1.59, and 1.73. Therefore, based on profitability indices, national power network with drip irrigation system treatment is recommended as the better treatment.
4
Aniseh Jami; Hamed Najafi Alamdarlo; Seyed Abolghasem Mortazavi
Abstract
Groundwater resources in the world are experiencing significant reductions due to climate change and drought. Therefore, in order to make appropriate decisions by managers and planners, forecasting and studying the economic effects of drought is essential. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ...
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Groundwater resources in the world are experiencing significant reductions due to climate change and drought. Therefore, in order to make appropriate decisions by managers and planners, forecasting and studying the economic effects of drought is essential. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the welfare effects of drought on groundwater beneficiaries. Accordingly, the present study investigated the economic effects of drought and its impact on the cultivation pattern of the southern Mahyar Plain and changes in social welfare in the 2016-2017 crop years, using the groundwater market approach. For this purpose, three approaches of regression estimation, positive mathematical programming, and dynamic programming were used. The results showed that in drought conditions, the area under barley and wheat cultivation increased and the area under corn decreased. Other results showed that the reduction of water supply due to drought would reduce the social welfare by 1020 million Rials (based on 2016 prices). Therefore, it is suggested that the amount of welfare lost by farmers due to water shortages should be a criterion for determining the amount of compensatory payments.