تأثیر شوری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف کود در گندم با استفاده از ایزوتوپ پایدار N15

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد یار پژوهشکده کشاورزی، پزشکی و صنعتی هسته ای کرج- پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای

2 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 کارشناس ارشد پژوهشکده کشاورزی، پزشکی و صنعتی هسته ای کرج- پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای

4 کارشناس پژوهشکده کشاورزی، پزشکی و صنعتی هسته ای کرج- پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه شوری و نیتروژن بر عملکرد و راندمان مصرف کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی         88-1387و 89-1388 در مزرعه تحقیقات شوری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد طراحی گردید. آزمایش به صورت کرت های یکبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح شوری شاهد ( dS/m3/1EC=)، dS/m5 و 10 به عنوان عامل اصلی، سه سطح کود نیتروژن 50، 100 و kg.ha-1 150 و دو رقم گندمِ حساس (طوس) و متحمل به شوری (بم) که به صورت فاکتوریل به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. کود نیتروژنه به شکل سولفات آمونیوم و در سه مرحله تقسیط گردید. اعمال کود نشاندار 15N با غنای 8 اتم درصد (%8)، در سه تقسیط بطور هماهنگ با کرتهای غیر ایزوتوپی در سال دوم انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد، در تیمار 5 و 10 dS/m با افزایش کود درصد نیتروژن مشتق شده از کود نشاندار (Ndff %) در دانه های گندم افزایش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین راندمان مصرف نیتروژن به ترتیب به تیمار های کودی 50 و kgN.ha-1 150اختصاص داشت. غلظت کلروفیل، پتاسیم و عملکرد دانه با افزایش شوری کاهش یافت و با بالا رفتن نیتروژن مصرفی از 50 به              kgN.ha-1 150 بر میانگین صفات مذکور افزوده شد. غلظت سدیم با افزایش شوری و نیتروژن به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافت. این نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد مقادیری بالاتر از نیاز کودی در شرایط شور سبب افزایش جذب نیتروژن توسط گیاه می گردد و این امر شرایط را جهت تحمل شرایط شور بهبود می بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Levels of Salinity and Nitrogen on Yield and Fertilizer Nitrogen Uptake (FNU) of Wheat using 15 N Stable Isotope

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azam Borzooi 1
  • Mohammad Kafi 2
  • Mirahmad Mousavi 3
  • Ali Khorasani 4
1 Assistance Prof. in Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute;
2 Professor in Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University;
3 M.Sc in soil science, Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute;
4 B.Sc. in soil science, Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute;
چکیده [English]

To determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen and salinity on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of two wheat cultivars, a field experiment was conducted at Salinity Research Station of Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in 2007-08 and 2008-09 growing seasons. A split plot layout within a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Three levels of salt stress (1.3, 5, and10 dS/m) were assigned to the main plots and a combination of three levels of ammonium sulfate (50, 100, 150 kg N/ha) and 2 wheat genotypes, namely, Bam (resistant) and Toos (susceptible to salt stress) were allocated to subplots. In the second year, micro plots (1 by 1.5 m) were established within the main experiment to monitor uptake of 15 N-labeled fertilizers. Results indicated that the percentage of N derived from labeled fertilizer was significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher in 150 kg ha-1 at salinity level of 10 dS/m than the other N levels. The highest and lowest FNU were observed in 50 and 150 kg N.ha-1, respectively. Chlorophyll content, grain yield, and potassium concentration in the aboveground plant decreased significantly with increasing salinity treatment. There were also significant differences in grain yield, chlorophyll content, and potassium concentration between the various rates of N fertilizer. The Na concentration decreased significantly with the increase in nitrogen application up to 150 kg N.ha-1 and also increased significantly with the increase in salinity treatments up to 10 dS/m. The results showed that an increase in fertilizer-nitrogen absorption by plant had occurred when application of nitrogen fertilizer exceeded wheat requirements. It seems that this condition increases the tolerance against the ill effects of salt stress in wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen derived from fertilizer
  • %NDff
  • Grain yield
  • Potassium and Sodium concentration
  • Chlorophyll content

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 26، شماره 4
بهمن 1391
صفحه 499-515

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