تأثیر شوری و بور آب آبیاری بر رشد و میزان جذب عناصر غذایی کم مصرف در خرفه (Portulaca Oleracea L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه خاکشناسی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان.

2 دانشگاه زنجان

3 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

 
با افزایش جمعیت جهان و نیاز بیشتر به غذا، بهره­برداری از زمین­های شور برای تولید محصول امری اجتناب ناپذیر است. خرفه گیاهی است یکساله و علفی که به خوبی در خاک­های شور رشد می­کند. بور از عناصر ضروری برای گیاهان است که ممکن است تا غلظت های مسموم کننده در خاک­های شور وجود داشته باشد، اما نیاز گیاهان به آن اندک است. به منظور بررسی تأثیر شوری و میزان بور آب آبیاری بر عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی کم مصرف در بخش هوایی گیاه خرفه، آزمایش گلخانه­ا­ی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت سطح شوری (5/0، 5/2، 5، 10، 15، 20 و 25 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر)، پنج سطح بور (صفر، 5/0، 1، 2 و 4 میلی گرم در لیتر) و سه تکرار اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان دادکه بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک بخش هوایی(29/1 گرم) و ریشه (24/0 گرم)، غلظت مس بخش هوایی (1/29 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) و ارتفاع بوته (16/31 سانتی­متر) از شوری 5/0دسی­زیمنس بر متر و سطح بور صفر میلی­گرم بر لیتر بدست آمد. بیشترین غلظت عنصر آهن (65/93 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) در بخش هوایی گیاه خرفه از تیمارهای آبیاری شده با آب دارای شوری 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر و 5/0 میلی­گرم بور در لیتر بدست آمد. بیشترین غلظت روی (26/64 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بخش هوایی در گیاهان آبیاری شده با آب دارای شوری 5/2 دسی زیمنس بر متر و دو میلی­گرم بور در لیتر اندازه گیری شد. بیشترین غلظت منگنز (23/98 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بخش هوایی گیاه خرفه از تیمار آب آبیاری با شوری 5/0دسی زیمنس بر متر و دو میلی­گرم بور در لیتر بدست آمد. به طور کلی نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که برای حصول عملکرد های بالا در گیاه خرفه، شوری آب آبیاری نباید از 5/2 دسی زیمنس بر متر تجاوز کند و میزان بور آن باید کمتر از 5/0میلی­گرم بر لیتر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Salinity and Boron Content of Irrigation Water on Growth and Micronutrient Concentrations of Purslane Plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeedeh moradi 1
  • ahamd golchin 2
  • Ebrahim sepehr 3
  • mosayeb vafaee 2
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
2 zanjan university
3 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The effects of salinity and boron content of irrigation water on growth and micronutrient concentrations of purslane plant were studied. The growing population of the world and increasing demand for food has led to the unavoidable utilization of saline soils for crop production. Purslane is an annual herbaceous plant that grows well in saline soils. Boron (B) is an essential element for plants and may exist in toxic concentrations in saline soils, but the plants require it in small amount. To evaluate the effects of salinity and B levels of irrigation water on the yield and micronutrient concentrations of purslane plant, a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design in three replications and 35 treatments was conducted in greenhouse condition. The irrigation water had the salinity levels of 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0 dS/m and boron contents were 0, 0.5, 0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/liter. The results showed that the highest dry weight for aerial parts (1.29 gr) and root (0.24 gr) and the highest plant height (31.16 cm) and concentration of copper (29.1 mg. kg-1) in aerial parts were measured for the treatments irrigated by water with the salinity level of 0.5 dS/m and boron level of 0 mg/L. The highest concentration of iron (93.65 mg. kg-1) in aerial parts was measured for the plants irrigated by water with the salinity level of 10 dS/m and boron concentration of 0.5 mg/L. The highest concentration of zinc (64.26 mg. kg-1) in aerial parts was measured for the treatments irrigated by water with the salinity level of 2.5 dS/m and boron level of 2 mg/L. The highest concentration of manganese (98.26 mg. kg-1) in aerial parts was obtained from the treatments irrigated by water with the salinity level of 0.5 dS/m and boron level of 2 mg/L. In general, the results of this study indicate that for obtaining high yields of purslane plant, the salinity level of irrigation water should not be higher than 2.5 dS/m and the boron level should be less than 0.5 mg/L.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Boric acid
  • Sodium chloride
  • Iron
  • Manganese
  • Purslane yield

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پژوهش آب در کشاورزی
دوره 32، شماره 4
دی 1397
صفحه 615-626

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