Research Paper
7
Seyed Mohsen seyedi; mostafa goodarzi; Sedighe Ashtari; Maryam Hatamabadi Farahani; Abolghasem Sarlak
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of different irrigation methods on the amount and efficiency of water consumption and yield of chitti beans, a research study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Bean Research and Education Center in Khomein, Iran. The study was designed as a multi-location (regional) experiment ...
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To evaluate the effect of different irrigation methods on the amount and efficiency of water consumption and yield of chitti beans, a research study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Bean Research and Education Center in Khomein, Iran. The study was designed as a multi-location (regional) experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The irrigation methods were categorized into four treatment levels: classical sprinkler irrigation, New-fit sprinkler irrigation, rain flat irrigation, and drip tape irrigation. Different types of chitti bean cultivars (line 21492 and Kousha and Saleh cultivars) with three growth habits were randomly sown in these locations. The experimental results showed that the most water consumption (12500 m3 ha-1) belonged to the classical sprinkler irrigation method. The least water consumption (6600 m3 ha-1) was also observed in the drip tape irrigation method, and the New-fit sprinkler and Rain flat irrigation methods, which had almost the same water consumption (about 11000 m3 ha-1), were placed between the two high-consumption and low-consumption methods. Also, the highest and lowest values of water consumption efficiency (0.45 and 0.18 kg m-3, respectively) were obtained in drip tape and classical sprinkler irrigation methods, respectively. The results of data analysis variance showed that the irrigation method effect on yield components and grain yield was significant. But the effect of cultivar was significant only on grain yield. The highest (296.9 g m-2) and the least (228.7 g m-2) values of grain yield were observed in the drip tape irrigation and classical sprinkler irrigation, respectively. Among the cultivars, the highest grain yield belonged to Kousha and Saleh cultivars. In general, the experiment results demonstrated that the drip tape irrigation method not only decreased water consumption but also led to improving yield components of chitti bean and higher water use efficiency.
Research Paper
6
Nader Naderi; Seyyed Mohsen Tabatabaian
Abstract
Abstract
One of the methods of optimal management of water consumption in the agricultural sector is subsurface drip irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the technical performance and soil salinity in the subsurface drip irrigation systems implemented in Semnan province during the ...
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Abstract
One of the methods of optimal management of water consumption in the agricultural sector is subsurface drip irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the technical performance and soil salinity in the subsurface drip irrigation systems implemented in Semnan province during the years 2019 to 2020. Five systems were evaluated in Shahroud, Damghan and Semnan. For this purpose, the hydraulic characteristics of the system, soil moisture and soil salinity were investigated. In general, the results of the evaluation showed that the coefficient of flow variations (Vqs) varied from 4 to 8 percent, the statistical uniformity coefficient (Us) varied from 85 to 90.7 percent, and the emitter discharge coefficient of variation (Vpf) varied from 0.09 to 0.15. The hydraulic performance of the systems was relatively good. The evaluation results showed, the pressure at the end of the laterals was less than necessary in some parts, but the use of pressure compensating emitters adjusted the flow in these parts. In the studied orchards, the installation depth of the laterals was non-uniform and between 15 and 45 cm. The amount of moisture increased from the soil surface to the depth. Examination of salinity profile of soil saturated extract showed that with increasing horizontal distance from the lateral, the amount of salinity has increased but with increasing depth it has decreased. In the installation depth of 30 and 40 cm salinity was highest at 0-30 and 30-60 cm depths. The reason for the increase in salinity in this area was the decrease in soil moisture due to the capillary rise of moisture and its evaporation from the soil surface and faster absorption of moisture by the roots. The most important factors to improve the performance of systems are: proper implementation of systems and providing the necessary pressure in the manifolds and laterals, soil leaching in winter with heavy flood irrigation and installation of the laterals evenly at the appropriate depth.
Research Paper
7
ali mokhtaran; Hossein Dehghanisanij; Ramin Nikanfar; Amir Nourjou; Mohammad Ali Shahrokhnia; Peyman Varjavand; Nader Salamati; Bahman Yargholi; Mohamad ALI Behaeen; Jafar Habibi
Abstract
Nowadays, due to the crisis of lack of water resources for agricultural production, the issue of water saving has been raised. Water saving includes activities that release a certain amount of water for other uses such as wetlands. Therefore, the use of techniques that lead to the reduction of water ...
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Nowadays, due to the crisis of lack of water resources for agricultural production, the issue of water saving has been raised. Water saving includes activities that release a certain amount of water for other uses such as wetlands. Therefore, the use of techniques that lead to the reduction of water consumption (ETa) in the field will be effective in promoting water productivity at the basin level. In the current research, with the aim of identifying the most effective techniques to reduce ETa to help restore the lakes of Urmia, Tashk-Bakhtegan, Fars, and Shadgan Wetland in Khuzestan, monitoring was carried out in the crop year 2021-2022 by applying cropping techniques at the level of farmers' fields and orchards. In this research, the number of 55, 17 and 18 farms and gardens were considered from Urmia Lake, Tashk-Bakhtegan and Maron-Jarhari basins, respectively. The results showed that although the application of all techniques was able to reduce irrigation water by an average of 24.67%, increase yield by an average of 18.3% and increase the productivity of applied water by an average of 60.4% for all three catchments, but all these techniques were not effective in reducing the amount of ETa. Farm monitoring showed that the techniques based on "accurate schedualing based on soil and plant profiles along with the modification and optimal management of the existing irrigation system" have been able to reduce ETa by an average of 15.5% and improving the efficiency of water consumption (WPET) with an average of 40% in all three basins. Therefore, the most effective techniques in Urmia lake basin were creating two-way furrows of rows of trees in surface irrigation and planning drip irrigation based on soil and plant profile in row crops and trees, which reduced ETa by 18%. Also, the reduction of irrigation plots to the shading level for pomegranate and pistachio trees in the Tashk-Bakhtgan basin, the creation of basins around the shading surface of palm trees along with palm leaf mulch, and finally the cutback management method in the strip surface irrigation system for cultivation in the Maron-Jarhari basin were able to reduce ETa are considered as the most important techniques by 21, 13 and 14%, respectively. Finally, it can be stated that paying attention to monitoring techniques at the level of a basin with local participation and promoting them can be effective in protecting the region's ecosystem while establishing sustainable agriculture.
Research Paper
7
Mohammad Abdos; Mohammad Reza Yazdani
Abstract
One of the ways to improve the quality of water used in agriculture is using a magnetic field. The water shortage in the country and the continuation of droughts are considered to be the most important factors limiting growth. In this research, effect of magnetic water on the growth and yield of two ...
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One of the ways to improve the quality of water used in agriculture is using a magnetic field. The water shortage in the country and the continuation of droughts are considered to be the most important factors limiting growth. In this research, effect of magnetic water on the growth and yield of two plants, Zea mays and Hibiscus sabdariffa was investigated using three treatments of magnetic water including nagnetic water(T1), electromagnetic with high frequency range(T2) and electromagnetic with low frequency range(T3) and a control in the educational and research field of Semnan University. In order to investigate the effect of different magnetic water treatments on the morphological characteristics of Zea mays and Hibiscus sabdariffa, an experiment was prepared and implemented in the form of a completely randomized block design (four blocks and three replications). Results revealed that Zea mays yield in treatment T3 was 1663 gram and was outwighted about 147 gram compard to the control yield. Yield of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant for treatments of T1, T2 and T3 was 259.3, 268,6 and 235.4, respectively. Although, The results of this survey showed that the effect of three magnetic water treatments on the growth performance of Zea mays and Hibiscus sabdariffa is not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. In general, the results of this research show that magnetic water can greatly increase the yield of Zea mays, but the irrigation of Hibiscus sabdariffa with magnetized water increases growth, and the yield is better during the days of cultivation.
Research Paper
2
Ali Kolahdouzan; Hamed Nozari; Safar Marofi
Abstract
In recent years, the conflict between environmental interests and farmers' livelihoods has emerged as one of the most crucial issues in the environmental and agricultural governance of the Zayandeh-Rood watershed. Hence, achieving a balance between economic profitability through the use of an optimal ...
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In recent years, the conflict between environmental interests and farmers' livelihoods has emerged as one of the most crucial issues in the environmental and agricultural governance of the Zayandeh-Rood watershed. Hence, achieving a balance between economic profitability through the use of an optimal cultivation model and preventing the excessive extraction of groundwater resources holds great importance for policymakers in this field. In this study, the environmental function was modeled by considering water resources limitation, while the economic function was modeled based on the economic profit derived from the products cultivated in the plain of Kohpaye-Segzi in the period of 1996-2011. The Nash function was optimized through constrained nonlinear optimization, taking into account the yearly limitations of water resources. After optimizing the Nash function, the crop cultivation pattern was determined using both the game theory method and the linear programming method. The results indicated a 30% reduction in water consumption with the game theory method, and a 17% reduction with the linear programming method. Additionally, the profit reductions for these two methods were 16% and 3% respectively, compared to the base case. Furthermore, the results revealed that the groundwater level in the representative hydrograph of the plain decreased by 3.94 and 2.23 meters in the game theory and linear programming methods, respectively. Conversely, in the optimized game theory method with an economic function weight of 0.5, the groundwater level of the plain increased by 8.67 meters. Taking into account the reduction in water consumption, profit reduction, and the increase in groundwater level, the optimized game theory method with a weight of 0.5 was found to be superior to the linear programming method.
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