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Marziyeh Aliabadi; MohammadHosien Najafimood; Abbas Khashei Siuki; Ali Shahidi
Abstract
Considering the limited water resources and the high rate of evaporation, water crisis is one of the most important issues in the country. Due to the importance of Flixweed as a medicinal plant, its water requirement and its single and dual plant coefficients were investigated in the lysimeter laboratory ...
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Considering the limited water resources and the high rate of evaporation, water crisis is one of the most important issues in the country. Due to the importance of Flixweed as a medicinal plant, its water requirement and its single and dual plant coefficients were investigated in the lysimeter laboratory of University of Birjand. For this purpose, six lysimeters (of the water balance type) with a diameter of 60 cm and a height of 100 cm were used. Inside all six lysimeters, Flixweed plants were planted with a density of 20 plants/m2, then, evaporation and transpiration were calculated using the water balance equation. Evaporation and transpiration of grass reference was measured directly by three lysimeters and its average was 322 mm. Then, plant coefficients were calculated for four stages of growth (initial, development, middle, and end). In this research, the average values of evaporation and transpiration, evaporation from the soil surface, and transpiration from the target plant were obtained as 202, 23, and 179 mm, respectively. Finally, the individual plant coefficients for the four initial, development, middle and final stages were 0.52, 0.68, 0.96 and 0.57, respectively, and the basic plant coefficients were 0.38, 0.59, 0.94 and 0.52 mm. In general, considering the climate of South Khorasan Province, Flixweed plant is recommended for cultivation due to its low water requirement.
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Gholam Reza Pourshaban Kateshali; Gholam-Ali Akbari; Iraj Alahdadi; elias Soltani
Abstract
To evaluate the changes in essential oil and chemical compounds of ginger plant under the influence of irrigation interval and NPK macronutrients, an experiment was carried out using randomized complete blocks in the form of a split plot with 9 treatments and 3 replications in Pakdasht Region, in 2021. ...
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To evaluate the changes in essential oil and chemical compounds of ginger plant under the influence of irrigation interval and NPK macronutrients, an experiment was carried out using randomized complete blocks in the form of a split plot with 9 treatments and 3 replications in Pakdasht Region, in 2021. Treatments included irrigation internals at three levels: V1=4, V2=6, and V3=8 days, as the main factor, and NPK at three levels, F1= (N: 300, P: 100, K: 200), F2= (350, 150, 250), F3 :( 250, 50, 150) (kg.ha-1) as the sub-factor. Extraction of essential oil in this research was done by distillation with water using a Cloninger machine, and the analysis of essential oil compounds was done by gas chromatograph, and 34 chemical compounds were identified. The main components of essential oil in terms of percentage included (α-zingiberene=23.65), (geranial=11.09), (camphene=9.58), (β-sesquiphellandrene =8.43), (β-bisabolene=3.75) and (α-curcumene=2.6). These 6 compounds included 59.1% of the total ginger essential oil, and the other 28 compounds made up only 40.9% of the total essential oil. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of irrigation and studied fertilizers on essential oil and main compounds of ginger essential oil were significant at the 1% probability level. The best treatments for essential oil and camphene traits were V1F3, geranial V3F2, α-zingiberene V1F2, and for three traits of α-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene was V3F3. Some of the compounds in ginger essential oil were increased by optimal irrigation and supply of essential nutrients for the plant, but some compounds increased under water stress and insufficiency of NPK.
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Ebrahim Sharifi Ashoorabadi; Hassan Rouhi pour; Maryam Jebeli; Maryam Mackizadeh Tafti; Behrooz Nadery
Abstract
To determine crop coefficient and evapotranspiration of Thymus daenensis Celak., an experiment was performed in 2016 using lysimeters (direct method) and computational method In the direct method, drainage lysimeters with underground structures located at Alborz Research Station in Karaj were used. Each ...
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To determine crop coefficient and evapotranspiration of Thymus daenensis Celak., an experiment was performed in 2016 using lysimeters (direct method) and computational method In the direct method, drainage lysimeters with underground structures located at Alborz Research Station in Karaj were used. Each of the lysimeters were 0.9 meters in diameter and 1.28 meters high. In each lysimeter, a seedling of Thymus was planted. Then, two main lysimeters were selected and their irrigation was adjusted to the field capacity. On both sides of the main lysimeters, similar lysimeters were considered as margins. During the experiment period, the input and output water of the lysimeters as well as dry weight of aerial parts, the amount of evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency in Thymus daenensis were measured. In order to estimate the evapotranspiration of the reference plant, the computational methods of Blaney Criddle and FAO Penman-Monteith were used. Thymus plant coefficients during plant growth, was obtained as the ratio of Thymus evapotranspiration to reference plant evapotranspiration. Based on the results, the amount of cumulative evapotranspiration of the reference plant by Blaney Criddle-FAO and Penman-Monteith-FAO were 715 and 631 mm, respectively. In lysimeters, Thymus evapotranspiration up to the beginning of flowering was 100 mm, to the beginning of seed production 455 mm, and to the end of seed production 622.13 mm. The Thymus plant coefficients in initial, crop development, mid-season and late-season stages were 0.33, 0.65, 1.20, and 0.99, respectively. Water use efficiency was estimated to be 0.4 gL-1. By determining the plant coefficient and water requirement of Thymus, in addition to helping in design of intelligent systems and mechanized irrigation, it will be possible to plan and manage irrigation during the plant growth period.