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Khashayar Peyghan; Reza Valipour; Saeed Boromandnasab; Mohammad Albaji; Naser Alemzadeh Ansari
Abstract
Due to the increasing growth of population and changes in lifestyle, the pressure on water and soil resources has increased, thus, proper management of these resources has vital importance. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the effects of furrow, surface, and subsurface ...
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Due to the increasing growth of population and changes in lifestyle, the pressure on water and soil resources has increased, thus, proper management of these resources has vital importance. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the effects of furrow, surface, and subsurface drip irrigation on water productivity, yield, and yield components of spinach in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions of Ahvaz. For this purpose, an experiment in the form of randomized complete blocks with three treatments of irrigation methods including furrow irrigation (FI), surface drip irrigation (SDI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) was done in three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, in 2021. According to the results, the amount of irrigation water used in the FI treatment was 1066 m3/ha and in the SDI and SSDI it was 787 m3/ha, which showed a decrease of 26.17%. In FI, SDI, and SSDI, the average yield of spinach plant (total fresh weight of leaves and stems) was equal to 23.56, 30.17 and 19.28 g and irrigation water productivity was 0.353, 0.613 and 0.392 kg/m3, respectively. In both yield and irrigation water productivity, the SDI treatment had a significant advantage at 5% level compared to the other two treatments. The effects of irrigation treatment on the characteristics of root length, stem length, total length, number of leaves, number of fresh leaves, leaf chlorophyll content and harvest index were not significant. Generally, considering water productivity as criterion, surface drip irrigation is more suitable than furrow irrigation for spinach cultivation.
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Majid Smaeli; Hamid Madani; Bahram Majdnasiri; Saeed Chavoshi; Noorali Sajedi
Abstract
To investigate sensitivity indicators of five new sunflower cultivars under water stress conditions in terms of drought tolerance (DT) and water use efficiency (WUE), a split plot experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in 2020 in the Braun ...
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To investigate sensitivity indicators of five new sunflower cultivars under water stress conditions in terms of drought tolerance (DT) and water use efficiency (WUE), a split plot experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in 2020 in the Braun Area of Isfahan Province, Iran. The surface irrigation treatments included three levels based on evaporation from class A evaporation pan: 90 (no-stress), 120 (mild stress), and 150 mm (severe stress), as the main factor, and sunflower hybrids Chiara, Oscar, Fantasia, Hysun33, and Shams, as the secondary factors. Indicators such as economic yield (EY), biological yield (BY), WUE, harvest index (HI) and DT were analyzed. The highest rates of HI (43%), WPe (4854 kg.ha-1), and BY (13457 kg.ha-1) were obtained from no-stress treatment, followed by 120 mm treatment. Among the cultivars, Fantasia variety with BY equal to 12268 kg.ha-1, economic yield (4081kg.ha-1), and HI of 43% had the highest values. The highest WUE was obtained in the conditions of mild stress and severe stress equal to 0.85 and 0.72 kg.m-3, respectively. Among sunflower cultivars, the highest WUE belonged to Hysun 33 with 1.04 kg.m-3. Fantasia with 0.96 kg.m-3and Shams with 0.84 kg.m-3 ranked next. Also, the lowest values of WUE were related to Oscar and Chiara cultivars with values of 0.81 and 0.75 kg.m-3, respectively. In total, deficit irrigation in the 120 mm treatment had the least negative effect on yield and harvest index, and it was suitable in terms of WUE. Finally, Fantasia showed the highest BY, DT, and HI with suitable WUE.
mahdi mokari; Meysam Abedinpour; hadi dehghan
Abstract
Presently, the main challenge of agricultural sector is improvement of crop water productivity (CWP). To evaluate the effect of water stress and planting date on grain yield, water productivity and yield components of wheat (Pishgam var.), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on complete ...
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Presently, the main challenge of agricultural sector is improvement of crop water productivity (CWP). To evaluate the effect of water stress and planting date on grain yield, water productivity and yield components of wheat (Pishgam var.), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on complete randomized design with three replications, at Kashmar Agricultural Research Station, in 2018-2019. Irrigation treatments included 100% of irrigation water requirement (IWR), 80% IWR, 60% IWR, and 40% IWR as the main treatments, and three planting dates including 23rd September, 23rd October and 23rd November as sub treatments. The results showed that water stress had significant effect on grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and harvest index (HI) at 1% probability level, such that with increasing water stress, the grain yield, HI and WUE was decreased. Also, the results showed that the effect of sowing date on grain yield, thousand kernel weight, and number of kernels per panicle, HI, and WUE was significant. The highest values of grain yield, HI, and WUE were 7227.33 kg/ha, 32.77 %, and 2.51 kg/m3, respectively, and belonged to 23rd October and 100% IWR treatment. The lowest of these values were 2000 kg/ha, 15.3%, and 1.14 kg/m3, respectively, related to 23rd November and 40% IWR treatment. The interaction between water stress and planting date had significant effect on all agronomic traits, except the number of kernels per panicle and WUE. According to the results of this study, irrigation treatment of 100% IWR and planting date of 23rd October can be considered for autumn wheat cultivar (Pishgam var.) in arid and semi-arid region of Kashmar.